"Fulin" redirects here. For the Roman and Byzantine empires in contemporary Chinese sources, see Daqin.
"Emperor Shizu of Qing" redirects here. For the ancestor of the Qing emperors, see Bukūri Yongšon.
Shunzhi Emperor 順治帝
Emperor of the Qing dynasty
Reign
8 October 1643 – 5 February 1661
Predecessor
Hong Taiji
Successor
Kangxi Emperor
Regents
Dorgon (1643–1650) Jirgalang (1643–1647)
Emperor of China
Reign
1644–1661
Predecessor
Chongzhen Emperor (Ming dynasty)
Successor
Kangxi Emperor
Born
(1638-03-15)15 March 1638 (崇德三年 正月 三十日) Yongfu Palace, Mukden Palace
Died
5 February 1661(1661-02-05) (aged 22) (順治十八年 正月 七日) Hall of Mental Cultivation
Burial
Xiao Mausoleum, Eastern Qing tombs
Consorts
Consort Jing
(m. 1651; dep. 1653)
Empress Xiaohuizhang
(m. 1654)
Empress Xiaoxian
(m. 1656; died 1660)
Empress Xiaokangzhang
(m. 1653)
Issue
Fuquan, Prince Yuxian of the First Rank Kangxi Emperor Changning, Prince Gong of the First Rank Longxi, Prince Chunjing of the First Rank Princess Gongque of the Second Rank
Names
Aisin Gioro Fulin (愛新覺羅·福臨) Manchu: Fulin (ᡶᡠᠯᡳᠨ)
Era dates
Shunzhi (順治): 8 February 1644 – 17 February 1662 Manchu: Ijishūn dasan (ᡳᠵᡳᠰᡥᡡᠨ ᡩᠠᠰᠠᠨ) Mongolian: Эеэр засагч (ᠡᠶᠡᠪᠡᠷᠭᠦᠦ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭᠴᠢ)
This article contains Manchu text. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Manchu alphabet.
The Shunzhi Emperor (Fulin; 15 March 1638 – 5 February 1661) was the second emperor of the Qing dynasty of China, and the first Qing emperor to rule over China proper, reigning from 1644 to 1661. A committee of Manchu princes chose him to succeed his father, Hong Taiji (1592–1643), in September 1643, when he was five years old. The princes also appointed two co-regents: Dorgon (1612–1650), the 14th son of the Qing dynasty's founder Nurhaci (1559–1626), and Jirgalang (1599–1655), one of Nurhaci's nephews, both of whom were members of the Qing imperial clan.
From 1643 to 1650, political power lay mostly in the hands of Dorgon. Under his leadership, the Qing Empire conquered most of the territory of the fallen Ming dynasty (1368–1644), chased Ming loyalist regimes deep into the southwestern provinces, and established the basis of Qing rule over China proper despite highly unpopular policies such as the "hair cutting command" of 1645, which forced Qing subjects to shave their forehead and braid their remaining hair into a queue resembling that of the Manchus. After Dorgon's death on the last day of 1650, the young Shunzhi Emperor started to rule personally. He tried, with mixed success, to fight corruption and to reduce the political influence of the Manchu nobility. In the 1650s, he faced a resurgence of Ming loyalist resistance, but by 1661 his armies had defeated the Qing Empire's last enemies, seafarer Koxinga (1624–1662) and the Prince of Gui (1623–1662) of the Southern Ming dynasty, both of whom would succumb the following year. The Shunzhi Emperor died at the age of 22 of smallpox, a highly contagious disease that was endemic in China, but against which the Manchus had no immunity. He was succeeded by his third son Xuanye, who had already survived smallpox, and who reigned for sixty years under the era name "Kangxi" (hence he was known as the Kangxi Emperor). Because fewer documents have survived from the Shunzhi era than from later eras of the Qing dynasty, the Shunzhi era is a relatively little-known period of Qing history.
"Shunzhi" was the name of this ruler's reign period in Chinese. This title had equivalents in Manchu and Mongolian because the Qing imperial family was Manchu and ruled over many Mongol tribes that helped the Qing to conquer the Ming dynasty. The emperor's personal name was Fulin, and the posthumous name by which he was worshipped at the Imperial Ancestral Temple was Shizu (Wade–Giles: Shih-tsu; Chinese: 世祖).
alphabet. The ShunzhiEmperor (Fulin; 15 March 1638 – 5 February 1661) was the second emperor of the Qing dynasty of China, and the first Qing emperor to rule...
in history. He is considered one of China's greatest emperors. The third son of the ShunzhiEmperor, Kangxi was enthroned at the age of seven while actual...
(the ShunzhiEmperor, r. 1643–1661) as his successor, marking the adoption of father-son succession in the Qing imperial line. The ShunzhiEmperor, who...
armies led by Dorgon seized Beijing, and the young ShunzhiEmperor became the first Qing emperor to rule from that new capital. That the Qing state succeeded...
son, Fulin, the ShunzhiEmperor, and as Grand Empress Dowager Zhaosheng during the reign of her grandson, Xuanye, the Kangxi Emperor. As empress dowager...
victorious Manchus established the ShunzhiEmperor of the Qing dynasty as ruler of all China. Because the Chongzhen Emperor had refused to move the court south...
successive emperors of the early Qing dynasty. Born to the Guwalgiya clan, Oboi was one of four regents nominated by the ShunzhiEmperor to oversee the...
of the Manchu Plain White Banner Donggo clan, was a consort of the ShunzhiEmperor. She was one year his junior. Consort Donggo's personal name was not...
(where he is remembered as "Tang Ruowang") and became an adviser to the ShunzhiEmperor of the Qing dynasty. Schall von Bell was born to noble parents in Cologne...
of the Khorchin Mongol Borjigit clan, was the consort of Fulin, the ShunzhiEmperor. She was empress consort of the Qing dynasty of China from 1651 until...
Borjigit clan, was the wife and second empress consort of Fulin, the ShunzhiEmperor. She was empress consort of Qing from 1654 until her husband's death...
seized the capital, and took over the government in 1644 under the ShunzhiEmperor and his prince regent. Resistance from Ming rump regimes and the Revolt...
guns turned over to the government. The Qianlong Emperor and his predecessors, since the ShunzhiEmperor, had identified China and the Qing Empire as the...
Xiaokangzhang (1638 – 20 March 1663), was the consort of the ShunzhiEmperor and mother of the Kangxi Emperor during the Qing dynasty. She was part of the Manchu...
Kangxi Emperor were nominated by the ShunzhiEmperor to oversee the government of the Qing dynasty during the early reign of the Kangxi Emperor before...
the Kangxi Emperor in ousting the autocratic regent, Oboi, from power. Second, he discovers the whereabouts of the missing ShunzhiEmperor, who has been...
the tomb of the ShunzhiEmperor (1638–1661), who became the first Qing emperor to rule over China. Shunzhi was also the first emperor to be buried in...
"Mother Empress, Empress Dowager" by the ShunzhiEmperor, Hong Taiji's ninth son and successor. The emperor's birth mother, Bumbutai, was similarly honoured...
force the Han Chinese to adopt the hairstyle. Under the rule of the ShunzhiEmperor, the Qing dynasty conquered most of the territory of the Ming dynasty...
was 36. During the early reign of the ShunzhiEmperor, Dorgon served as Prince-Regent for the underage emperor. In 1650, Lady Ula Nara was posthumously...
Jiaqing Emperor (13 November 1760 – 2 September 1820), also known by his temple name Emperor Renzong of Qing, personal name Yongyan, was the sixth emperor of...
Liu Song throne and establishment of Southern Qi (as its Emperor Gao) in 479. For Xiao Shunzhi's contributions, Xiao Daocheng created him the Marquess of...
Geng Jingzhong and Geng Zhaozhong become court attendants under the ShunzhiEmperor and married Aisin-Gioro women, with Prince Abatai's granddaughter marrying...
China (2001), p. 347, modified by Gang Zhao Since the ShunzhiEmperor's time, the Qing emperors had identified China and the Qing Empire as the same,...
and a ceremony was held at the Forbidden City to proclaim the young ShunzhiEmperor as ruler of all China under the Qing dynasty. The Qing rulers changed...
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