Overview of the process of translating the Bible into the Malay language
This article is about Bible translations into the Malay language which is used in Malaysia and Singapore. For other uses, see Bible translations into the languages of Indonesia and Malaysia.
Only extant copy of the 1629 first edition of Ruyl's translation of the Gospel of Mark in Malay from the Lincoln Cathedral Library
Bible translations into Malay include translations of the whole or parts of the Bible into any of the levels and varieties of the Malay language. Publication of early or partial translations began as early as the seventeenth century although there is evidence that the Jesuit missionary, Francis Xavier, translated religious texts that included Bible verses into Malay as early as the sixteenth century.[1]
The Protestant Reformation saw the rise in interest in vernacular translations of the Bible in Europe. By the sixteenth century, Protestant European nations like the Dutch Republic and England had begun to encroach into the traditional realms of influence of the Catholic Portuguese in the Malay Archipelago. With the Dutch domination of the East Indies, where Malay was the lingua franca of trade, the translation of the Bible into Malay was one of the first extant translations of the Bible in a language that wasn't from Europe or the Middle East.[2]
Developments in the translation of the Bible into Malay revolved and continues to revolve around three considerations including establishing the standards of the Malay language, including rules of grammar, vocabulary and spelling; discovering appropriate ways of using Malay to communicate Christian concepts within the Malay culture; and catering for the target groups of the translation work and means of dissemination. One of the most pressing practical issues concerns the use of loan-words from Arabic and Persian which entered the Malay vocabulary through the Islamisation of the Malay people[2] and this issue remains a politically and socially sensitive issue in Malaysia where Malay is the national language and Islam the official religion.[3]
^de Vries, Lourens (6 Mar 2018). "The First Malay Gospel of Mark (1629–1630) and the Agama Kumpeni". Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences of Southeast Asia. 174 (1). doi:10.1163/22134379-17401002. hdl:1871.1/7ecbd1a4-986b-4448-a78d-3aeb2f13598d. Retrieved 20 April 2019.
^ abHunt, Robert (June 1989). "The History of the Translation of the Bible into Malay" (PDF). Journal of the Malayan Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society. 52 (1): 35–56. Retrieved 20 April 2019.
^"When, why and how Christians use the word 'Allah' — CFM". The Malay Mail. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. 22 August 2013. Retrieved 20 April 2019.
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