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Battle of the Caucasus information


Battle of the Caucasus
Part of the Eastern Front of World War II

German tanks in formation in a Caucasus valley with infantry in the foreground, September 1942
Date25 July 1942 – 12 May 1944 (1942-07-25 – 1944-05-12)
Location
Greater Caucasus, Soviet Union
Result Soviet victory
Territorial
changes
Axis withdrawal to Kuban bridgehead in 1943
Axis forces expelled completely in 1944
Belligerents
Nazi Germany Germany
Kingdom of Romania Romania
Slovak Republic (1939–1945) Slovakia
Battle of the Caucasus Chechnya-Ingushetia
Battle of the Caucasus Soviet Union
Commanders and leaders
Nazi Germany Wilhelm List
Nazi Germany Ewald von Kleist
Nazi Germany Eberhard von Mackensen
Nazi Germany Richard Ruoff
Kingdom of Romania Petre Dumitrescu
Battle of the Caucasus Hasan Israilov 
Battle of the Caucasus Mairbek Sheripov 
Soviet Union Semyon Budyonny
Soviet Union Ivan Tyulenev
Soviet Union Ivan Petrov
Soviet Union Ivan Maslennikov
Soviet Union Rodion Malinovsky
Soviet Union Filipp Oktyabrsky
Soviet Union Lev Vladimirsky
Strength
July 1942:
170,000 men
1,130 tanks
4,500 guns and mortars
~1,000 aircraft
January 1943:
764,000 men
700 tanks
5,290 guns and mortars
530 aircraft
July 1942:
112,000 men
121 tanks
2,160 guns and mortars
230 aircraft
January 1943:
1,000,000+ men
~1,300 tanks
11,300+ guns and mortars
900 aircraft
Casualties and losses
281,000 casualties 344,000 casualties

The Battle of the Caucasus was a series of Axis and Soviet operations in the Caucasus as part of the Eastern Front of World War II. On 25 July 1942, German troops captured Rostov-on-Don, opening the Caucasus region of the southern Soviet Union to the Germans and threatening the oil fields beyond at Maikop, Grozny, and ultimately Baku. Two days prior, Adolf Hitler had issued a directive to launch an operation into the Caucasus named Operation Edelweiß. German units would reach their high water mark in the Caucasus in early November 1942, getting as far as the town of Alagir and city of Ordzhonikidze, some 610 km from their starting positions. Axis forces were compelled to withdraw from the area later that winter as Operation Little Saturn threatened to cut them off.

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