Treaty of Batum: recognition of Armenia by the Ottoman Empire
Belligerents
Armenian National Council
Armenian Army Corps
Ottoman Empire
Commanders and leaders
Tovmas Nazarbekian (Commander of the Armenian Army Corps) Movses Silikyan (Commander of the Yerevan Detachment) Daniel Bek-Pirumyan Poghos Bek-Pirumyan Christophor Araratov Aram Manukian
Enver Pasha Wehib Pasha Kazim Pasha (Commander of the I Caucasian Corps)[2][3][4] Rüştü Bey (Commander of the 9th Caucasian Division)[5] Zihni Bey (Commander of the Zihni Bey Detachment)[3][4]
Strength
9,000[n 1]
30,000-33,000[n 2] Including Kurdish cavalry 1,500–3000 40 cannons
Casualties and losses
unknown
5,500 dead alone from 22 to 26 May[6][7]
v
t
e
Caucasus campaign
Bergmann Offensive
Sarikamish
Ardahan
Van
Manzikert
Kara Killisse
Erzurum
Koprukoy
1st Trebizond
1st Bitlis
Muş
Erzincan
2nd Trebizond
Choloki
German expedition
Sardarabad
Abaran
Karakilisa
Goychay
Aghsu
Kurdamir
Binagadi
Baku
Associated articles
Dunsterforce
Norperforce
The Battle of Sardarabad (Armenian: Սարդարապատի ճակատամարտ, romanized: Sardarapati chakatamart; Turkish: Serdarabad Muharebesi)[8] was a battle of the Caucasus campaign of World War I that took place near Sardarabad, Armenia, from 21 to 29 May 1918, between the regular Armenian military units and militia on one side and the Ottoman army that had invaded Eastern Armenia on the other. As Sardarabad is approximately 40 kilometres (25 mi) west of the capital of Yerevan, the battle not only halted the Ottoman advance into the rest of Armenia, but also prevented the complete destruction of the Armenian nation.[9][1] The battle paved the way for the establishment of the First Republic of Armenia[1]and the Treaty of Batum: recognition of Armenia by the Ottoman Empire.
In the words of Christopher J. Walker, had the Armenians lost this battle, "it is perfectly possible that the word Armenia would have henceforth denoted only an antique geographical term".[10]
^ abcdCite error: The named reference Crossroads was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^T.C. Genelkurmay Harp Tarihi Başkanlığı Yayınları, Türk İstiklâl Harbine Katılan Tümen ve Daha Üst Kademelerdeki Komutanların Biyografileri, Genkurmay Başkanlığı Basımevi, Ankara, 1972, pp. 161–162. (in Turkish)
^ ab(in Turkish) Karabekir, Kâzım. Erzincan ve Erzurum'un Kurtuluşu: Sarıkamış, Kars ve Ötesi (The Liberation of Erzincan and Erzurum: Sarıkamış, Kars and Beyond). Erzurum Ticaret ve Sanayi Odası Araştırma, Geliştirme ve Yardımlaşma Vakfı, 1990, p. 377. ISBN 978-975-512-072-0.
^ ab(in Turkish) Gürbüz, Mustafa, "1917 Rus İhtilali Sonrası Kafkasya'da Türk Askeri Faaliyetleri: Serdarabad Savaşları ve Siyasi Sonuçları" [Turkish Military Operations in the Caucasus after the 1917 Russian Revolution: The battles of Serdarabad and its Political Results]. Ermeni Araştırmaları, No. 25, 2007.
^T.C. Genelkurmay Harp Tarihi Başkanlığı Yayınları, Türk İstiklâl Harbine Katılan Tümen ve Daha Üst Kademelerdeki Komutanların Biyografileri, Genkurmay Başkanlığı Basımevi, Ankara, 1972, pp. 29–30. (in Turkish)
^Cite error: The named reference SAE was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Galoyan, G.; Lazakhetsy, V. (2000). Հայաստանի Հանրապետությունը 1918-1920 թթ [The Republic of Armenia, 1918–1920] (PDF) (in Armenian). Yerevan: Publishing House "Science". p. 16. ISBN 5-8080-0436-5.
^(in Turkish) Uras, Esat. Tarihte Ermeniler ve Ermeni Meselesi (The Armenians in History and the Armenian Question). Belge Yayınları, 1976, p. LXVII.
^Balakian, Peter (2003). The Burning Tigris: The Armenian Genocide and America's Response. New York: HarperCollins. p. 321. ISBN 0-06-055870-9.
^Walker, Christopher J. (1990). Armenia The Survival of a Nation, 2nd ed. New York: St. Martin's Press. pp. 254–255. ISBN 0-7099-0210-7.
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The BattleofSardarabad (Armenian: Սարդարապատի ճակատամարտ, romanized: Sardarapati chakatamart; Turkish: Serdarabad Muharebesi) was a battleof the Caucasus...
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