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Caucasian War information


This article is about the 19th-century Russian invasion. For the World War I military campaign, see Caucasus Campaign. For the World War II military campaign, see Battle of the Caucasus.
Caucasian War
Part of the Russian conquest of the Caucasus

Franz Roubaud's A Scene from the Caucasian War
Date1817 – 21 May 1864
Location
North Caucasus
Result

Russian victory

  • Surrender of Imam Shamil
  • Russian annexation of the North Caucasus
  • Circassian genocide
Territorial
changes		 North Caucasus annexed by Russia
Belligerents

Russian Empire Russia

  • Caucasian War Kuban Cossacks
  • Caucasian War Shamkhalate of Tarki
  • Caucasian War Principality of Guria (until 1829)
  • Caucasian War Principality of Svaneti (until 1859)
  • Caucasian War Principality of Mingrelia
Caucasian War Circassian Confederation

Caucasian War Principality of Abkhazia[1][2][3]

  • Azadzwa
  • Abaza

Caucasian War Caucasian Imamate

  • Avars
  • Chechens
  • Lezgins
  • Ingush[a]
  • Dargins
  • Kumyks
  • Karachays
  • Balkars
  • Tabasarans
  • Laks
  • Ossetians
Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria Polish volunteers
Commanders and leaders
Russian Empire Tsar Alexander I
Russian Empire Tsar Nicholas I
Russian Empire Tsar Alexander II
Russian Empire Michael Nikolaevich
Russian Empire Grigory Zass
Russian Empire Ivan Paskevich
Russian Empire Aleksey Yermolov
Russian Empire Mikhail Vorontsov
Russian Empire Dmitry Milyutin
Russian Empire Aleksandr Baryatinsky
Russian Empire Ivan Andronnikov
Russian Empire Grigory Rosen
Russian Empire Yevgeny Golovin
Russian Empire Nikolay Muravyov-Karsky
Russian Empire Nikolay Yevdokimov
Russian Empire Robert Segercrantz [ru]

Caucasian War Ghazi Mullah †
Caucasian War Hamzat Bek
Caucasian War Shamil of Gimry Surrendered
Caucasian War Tashaw-Hadji
Caucasian War Shuaib-Mulla of Tsentara
Caucasian War Hadji Murad
Caucasian War Isa of Ghendargen
Caucasian War Baysangur of Beno
Caucasian War Talkhig Shelar
Caucasian War Eska of Noiber
Caucasian War Umalat-bek of Boynak
Caucasian War Irazi-bek of Kazanysh
Caucasian War Idris of Endirey
Beibulat Taimiev

Caucasian War Kizbech Tughuzoqo
Caucasian War Qerandiqo Berzeg
Caucasian War Seferbiy Zanuqo
Caucasian WarCaucasian War Muhammad Amin Asiyalo
Caucasian War Jembulat Boletoqo
Caucasian War Keysin Keytiqo
Caucasian War Aslan-Bey Chacba
Caucasian War Esho Marchand
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland James Stanislaus Bell
Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria Teofil Lapinski
Strength
1817–1864:
1819: 50,000[4]
1857: 200,000
1862: 60,000[5]

1817–1864:
Caucasian War The Abkhazian Principality:
25,000[1][6][7]

Caucasian War Caucasian Imamate:
15,000–25,000[8]
Caucasian War Circassia:
35,000–40,000[8]
Casualties and losses
Russian Empire Unknown Caucasian War Civilian dead: 700,000 [9][10]
Caucasian War Total dead: High
Caucasian War Total dead: High
Caucasian War Total dead: High

The Caucasian War (Russian: Кавказская война, romanized: Kavkazskaya voyna) or Caucasus War was a 19th-century military conflict between the Russian Empire and various peoples of the North Caucasus who resisted subjugation during the Russian conquest of the Caucasus. It consisted of a series of military actions waged by the Russian Imperial Army and Cossack settlers against the native inhabitants such as the Adyghe, Abaza-Abkhazians,[11] Ubykhs, Chechens, and Dagestanis as the Tsars sought to expand.[12]

Russian control of the Georgian Military Road in the center divided the Caucasian War into the Russo-Circassian War in the west and the conquest of Chechnya and Dagestan in the east. Other territories of the Caucasus (comprising contemporary eastern Georgia, southern Dagestan, Armenia and Azerbaijan) were incorporated into the Russian Empire at various times in the 19th century as a result of Russian wars with Persia.[13] The remaining part, western Georgia, was taken by the Russians from the Ottomans during the same period.

  1. ^ a b "Станислав Лакоба. Двуглавый орел и традиционная Абхазия". apsnyteka.org (in Russian). 1953-11-23.
  2. ^ Георгий Анчабадзе. "Кавказская война. 1810-1864". apsnyteka.org. Archived from the original on 2022-12-08. Retrieved 2023-02-28.
  3. ^ "Станислав Лакоба. XIX-XXI вв. Глава II. Абхазия и Российская империя. Асланбей: мифы и факты". apsnyteka.org. Archived from the original on 2022-04-01. Retrieved 2023-02-28.
  4. ^ Кроме того, командующему Отдельного Кавказского корпуса было подчинено Черноморское казачье войско — 40 тыс. чел.
  5. ^ На Западном Кавказе
  6. ^ Георгий Анчабадзе. "Кавказская война. 1810-1864". apsnyteka.org. Archived from the original on 2022-12-08. Retrieved 2023-02-28.
  7. ^ "Станислав Лакоба. XIX-XXI вв. Глава II. Абхазия и Российская империя. Асланбей: мифы и факты". apsnyteka.org. Archived from the original on 2022-04-01. Retrieved 2023-02-28.
  8. ^ a b À la conquête du Caucase: epopée géopolitique et guerres d'influence
  9. ^ "Victimario Histórico Militar".
  10. ^ Richmond, Walter. The Circassian Genocide. ISBN 9780813560694.
  11. ^ "ТЕОФИЛ ЛАПИНСКИЙ". www.vostlit.info. Retrieved 2024-02-25.
  12. ^ King, Charles (2008). The Ghost of Freedom: A History of the Caucasus. New York City, NY: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-517775-6.
  13. ^ Dowling, Timothy C., ed. (2014). Russia at War. Santa Barbara, California: ABC-CLIO. pp. 728–730. In 1801, Russia annexed the Georgian Kingdom of Kartli–Kakheti.


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