Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are a family of proteins produced by cells in response to exposure to stressful conditions. They were first described in relation to heat shock,[1] but are now known to also be expressed during other stresses including exposure to cold,[2] UV light[3] and during wound healing or tissue remodeling.[4] Many members of this group perform chaperone functions by stabilizing new proteins to ensure correct folding or by helping to refold proteins that were damaged by the cell stress.[5] This increase in expression is transcriptionally regulated. The dramatic upregulation of the heat shock proteins is a key part of the heat shock response and is induced primarily by heat shock factor (HSF).[6] HSPs are found in virtually all living organisms, from bacteria to humans.
Heat shock proteins are named according to their molecular weight. For example, Hsp60, Hsp70 and Hsp90 (the most widely studied HSPs) refer to families of heat shock proteins on the order of 60, 70 and 90 kilodaltons in size, respectively.[7] The small 8-kilodalton protein ubiquitin, which marks proteins for degradation, also has features of a heat shock protein.[8] A conserved protein binding domain of approximately 80 amino-acid alpha crystallins are known as small heat shock proteins (sHSP).[9]
^Ritossa F (1962). "A new puffing pattern induced by temperature shock and DNP in drosophila". Experimental. 18 (12): 571–573. doi:10.1007/BF02172188. ISSN 0014-4754. S2CID 32525462.
^Matz JM, Blake MJ, Tatelman HM, Lavoi KP, Holbrook NJ (July 1995). "Characterization and regulation of cold-induced heat shock protein expression in mouse brown adipose tissue". The American Journal of Physiology. 269 (1 Pt 2): R38–R47. doi:10.1152/ajpregu.1995.269.1.R38. PMID 7631901.
^Cao Y, Ohwatari N, Matsumoto T, Kosaka M, Ohtsuru A, Yamashita S (August 1999). "TGF-beta1 mediates 70-kDa heat shock protein induction due to ultraviolet irradiation in human skin fibroblasts". Pflügers Archiv. 438 (3): 239–244. doi:10.1007/s004240050905. PMID 10398851. S2CID 28219505.
^Laplante AF, Moulin V, Auger FA, Landry J, Li H, Morrow G, et al. (November 1998). "Expression of heat shock proteins in mouse skin during wound healing". The Journal of Histochemistry and Cytochemistry. 46 (11): 1291–1301. doi:10.1177/002215549804601109. PMID 9774628..
^De Maio A (January 1999). "Heat shock proteins: facts, thoughts, and dreams". Shock. 11 (1): 1–12. doi:10.1097/00024382-199901000-00001. PMID 9921710.
^Wu C (1995). "Heat shock transcription factors: structure and regulation". Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology. 11: 441–469. doi:10.1146/annurev.cb.11.110195.002301. PMID 8689565.
^Li Z, Srivastava P (February 2004). Heat-shock proteins. Vol. Appendix 1. pp. Appendix 1T. doi:10.1002/0471142735.ima01ts58. ISBN 978-0471142737. PMID 18432918. S2CID 11858453. {{cite book}}: |journal= ignored (help)
^Raboy B, Sharon G, Parag HA, Shochat Y, Kulka RG (1991). "Effect of stress on protein degradation: role of the ubiquitin system". Acta Biologica Hungarica. 42 (1–3): 3–20. PMID 1668897.
^Lahvic JL, Ji Y, Marin P, Zuflacht JP, Springel MW, Wosen JE, et al. (December 2013). "Small heat shock proteins are necessary for heart migration and laterality determination in zebrafish". Developmental Biology. 384 (2): 166–180. doi:10.1016/j.ydbio.2013.10.009. PMC 3924900. PMID 24140541.
and 24 Related for: Heat shock protein information
Heatshockproteins (HSPs) are a family of proteins produced by cells in response to exposure to stressful conditions. They were first described in relation...
The 70 kilodalton heatshockproteins (Hsp70s or DnaK) are a family of conserved ubiquitously expressed heatshockproteins. Proteins with similar structure...
The heatshock response (HSR) is a cell stress response that increases the number of molecular chaperones to combat the negative effects on proteins caused...
Heatshockprotein 47, also known as SERPINH1 is a serpin which serves as a human chaperone protein for collagen. This protein is a member of the serpin...
Hsp90 (heatshockprotein 90) is a chaperone protein that assists other proteins to fold properly, stabilizes proteins against heat stress, and aids in...
heatshock factors (HSF), are the transcription factors that regulate the expression of the heatshockproteins. A typical example is the heatshock factor...
Heatshock 70 kDa protein 1, also termed Hsp72, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HSPA1A gene. As a member of the heatshockprotein 70 family...
their proteins against the denaturing influence of heat with enzymes known as heatshockproteins (a type of chaperone), which assist other proteins both...
Grimstad T, Kvivik I, Kvaløy JT, Aabakken L, Omdal R (February 2020). "Heat-shockprotein 90 α in plasma reflects severity of fatigue in patients with Crohn's...
Heatshock factor 1 (HSF 1) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HSF1 gene. HSF1 is highly conserved in eukaryotes and is the primary mediator...
The heatshockprotein Hsp20 family, also known as small heatshockproteins (sHSPs), is a family of heatshockproteins. Prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms...
Heatshockprotein 27 (Hsp27) also known as heatshockprotein beta-1 (HSPB1) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HSPB1 gene. Hsp27 is a chaperone...
sensitive prostate cancer Hydrogenated soybean phosphatidylcholine Heatshockprotein C (hspC) This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the...
(Cpn), is a family of heatshockproteins originally sorted by their 60kDa molecular mass. They prevent misfolding of proteins during stressful situations...
regular yield damages between 10 and 15%. Many plant hosts produce heatshockprotein 70s including C. arietinum. In response to F. o. ciceris Gupta et...
immunoglobulin protein (BiPS) also known as 78 kDa glucose-regulated protein (GRP-78) or heatshock 70 kDa protein 5 (HSPA5) is a protein that in humans...
microsomal protein factions. Heatshock affected the abundance of HSPs depending on protein fraction and time of day. Without heatshock, nuclear membrane-bound...
temperatures, heat-shockproteins, including chaperones and proteases are rapidly induced to protect against the denaturation of proteins within the bacteria...
(September 1988). "Association of the dioxin receptor with the Mr 90,000 heatshockprotein: a structural kinship with the glucocorticoid receptor". Biochemical...
an intron-less gene which encodes for the heatshockprotein HSP70-2, a member of the Hsp70 family of proteins. The gene is located in the major histocompatibility...
biology, chaperone DnaJ, also known as Hsp40 (heatshockprotein 40 kDa), is a molecular chaperone protein. It is expressed in a wide variety of organisms...
like protein E) is a bacterial nucleotide exchange factor that is important for regulation of protein folding machinery, as well as the heatshock response...
Global Information