Alprazolam, sold under the brand name Xanax among others, is a fast-acting, potent tranquilizer of moderate duration within the triazolobenzodiazepine group of chemicals called benzodiazepines.[10] Alprazolam is most commonly used in management of anxiety disorders, specifically panic disorder or generalized anxiety disorder (GAD).[6] Other uses include the treatment of chemotherapy-induced nausea, together with other treatments.[9] GAD improvement occurs generally within a week.[11][12] Alprazolam is generally taken orally (by mouth).[9]
Common side effects include sleepiness, depression or suppressed emotions, mild to severe decreases in motor skills, hiccups, dulling or declining of cognition as well as alertness or general awareness of one's surroundings or even behavior, dry mouth (mildly), decreased heart rate, suppression (physiological inhibition) of general central nervous system activity (opposite of physiological excitation), impairment of judgment (usually in higher than therapeutic doses), marginal to severe decreases in memory formation, decreased ability to process new information, as well as partial to complete amnesia (anterograde amnesia[13]) depending on dosage.[9] Some of the sedation and tiredness may improve within a few days.[14]
Alprazolam withdrawal may occur if use is suddenly decreased.[9][11]
Alprazolam was invented by Jackson Hester Jr. at the Upjohn Company[15] and patented in 1971 and approved for medical use in the United States in 1981.[9][16] Alprazolam is a Schedule IV controlled substance and is a common drug of abuse.[2][17] It is available as a generic medication.[6] In 2021, it was the 42nd most-commonly-prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 15million prescriptions.[18][19]
^"Alprazolam Use During Pregnancy". Drugs.com. 4 May 2020. Archived from the original on 20 June 2020. Retrieved 8 June 2020.
^ abcAit-Daoud N, Hamby AS, Sharma S, Blevins D (2018). "A Review of Alprazolam Use, Misuse, and Withdrawal". Journal of Addiction Medicine. 12 (1): 4–10. doi:10.1097/ADM.0000000000000350. PMC 5846112. PMID 28777203.
^"FDA-sourced list of all drugs with black box warnings (Use Download Full Results and View Query links.)". nctr-crs.fda.gov. FDA. Retrieved 22 October 2023.
^"Xanax Summary of Product Characteristics (SmPC)". (emc). 28 July 2023. Retrieved 20 November 2023.
^"List of most commonly encountered drugs currently controlled under the misuse of drugs legislation". GOV.UK. 20 October 2016. Retrieved 20 November 2023.
^ abc"Xanax- alprazolam tablet". DailyMed. Archived from the original on 17 January 2021. Retrieved 19 February 2021.
^"Xanax XR- alprazolam tablet, extended release". DailyMed. 12 March 2021. Archived from the original on 17 April 2021. Retrieved 2 June 2022.
^ abLilley LL, Snyder JS, Collins SR (2016). Pharmacology for Canadian Health Care Practice. Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 329. ISBN 9781771720663. Archived from the original on 10 May 2022. Retrieved 13 September 2020.
^ abcdefgAmerican Society of Health-System Pharmacists (13 November 2017). "Alprazolam Monograph for Professionals". Drugs.com. Archived from the original on 7 December 2010. Retrieved 25 October 2018.
^Goldberg R (2009). Drugs Across the Spectrum. Cengage Learning. p. 195. ISBN 9781111782009. Archived from the original on 4 June 2020. Retrieved 24 August 2017.
^ abVerster JC, Volkerts ER (2004). "Clinical pharmacology, clinical efficacy, and behavioral toxicity of alprazolam: a review of the literature". CNS Drug Reviews. 10 (1): 45–76. doi:10.1111/j.1527-3458.2004.tb00003.x. PMC 6741717. PMID 14978513.
^Tampi RR, Muralee S, Weder ND, Penland H, eds. (2008). Comprehensive Review of Psychiatry. Philadelphia, PA: Wolters Kluwer/ Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Health. p. 226. ISBN 978-0-7817-7176-4. Archived from the original on 19 March 2017. Retrieved 13 March 2016.
^Chowdhury ZS, Morshed MM, Shahriar M, Bhuiyan MA, Islam SM, Bin Sayeed MS (2016). "The Effect of Chronic Alprazolam Intake on Memory, Attention, and Psychomotor Performance in Healthy Human Male Volunteers". Behavioural Neurology. 2016: 3730940. doi:10.1155/2016/3730940. PMC 4947648. PMID 27462136.
^Pavuluri MN, Janicak PG, Marder SR (2010). Principles and Practice of Psychopharmacotherapy (5th ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Wolters Kluwer Health/ Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 535. ISBN 978-1-60547-565-3. Archived from the original on 17 July 2020. Retrieved 13 March 2016.
^Ainsworth SJ (9 December 2013). "Hester Dies At 80". Chemical & Engineering News. Retrieved 21 April 2024.
^Fischer J, Ganellin CR (2006). Analogue-based Drug Discovery. John Wiley & Sons. p. 536. ISBN 9783527607495. Archived from the original on 28 August 2021. Retrieved 13 September 2020.
^Malamed SF (2009). Sedation: A Guide to Patient Management. Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 105. ISBN 978-0323075961. Archived from the original on 10 May 2022. Retrieved 13 September 2020.
^"The Top 300 of 2021". ClinCalc. Archived from the original on 15 January 2024. Retrieved 14 January 2024.
^"Alprazolam - Drug Usage Statistics". ClinCalc. Retrieved 14 January 2024.
Alprazolam, sold under the brand name Xanax among others, is a fast-acting, potent tranquilizer of moderate duration within the triazolobenzodiazepine...
Alprazolam triazolobenzophenone is a chemical compound that is a prodrug for the benzodiazepine derivative alprazolam. At neutral pH it readily cyclizes...
EMCDDA in Sweden in 2016. It is the bromo instead of chloro analogue of alprazolam and has similar sedative and anxiolytic effects to it and other benzodiazepines...
Death an Accident, Result of Drowning and Effects of Difluoroethane and Alprazolam". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved 2023-04-19. "House of Carters sets...
depressive symptoms while Alprazolam can treat insomnia, panic attack and anxiety. The most common delivery routes of Alprazolam and Phenethylamine are by...
and hydromorphone and examples of benzodiazepines include lorazepam and alprazolam. Hypocapnia, which stimulates hypoventilation Obesity; see Obesity hypoventilation...
and alprazolam together can increase alprazolam plasma concentrations. If alprazolam is coadministered with fluvoxamine, the initial alprazolam dose...
Summer, in his bed. He had overdosed on "illicit fentanyl, oxycodone, and alprazolam". "The Birth of Clark James Gable". CaliforniaBirthIndex.org. "Clark Gable...
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oath of allegiance Niko Hurme, a Finnish rock musician, stage-name Kalma Alprazolam, a psychiatric medication, available under brand names including Kalma...
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Australian study (2004) of overdose admissions between 1987 and 2002 found alprazolam, which happens to be the most prescribed benzodiazepine in Australia and...
temazepam have seen a dramatic decrease since 2010, while anxiolytics such as alprazolam, clonazepam, and lorazepam have increased or remained stable. Temazepam...
medications olanzapine (Zyprexa), cyclobenzaprine (a muscle relaxant) and alprazolam (Xanax). Her daughter was 10 months old when she died. Her funeral took...
marijuana, the antidepressant Sertraline (Zoloft), and the anxiolytic alprazolam (Xanax) in her system at her time of death. Close friends stated that...
revealed additional drugs in her system: diphenhydramine (Benadryl), alprazolam (Xanax; a potent tranquilizer of moderate duration within the triazolobenzodiazepine...
C17H13ClN4 (molar mass: 308.76 g/mol, exact mass: 308.0829 u) may refer to: Alprazolam Liarozole This set index page lists chemical structure articles associated...
prazepam. Benzodiazepines with a half-life of less than 24 hours include alprazolam, bromazepam, brotizolam, flunitrazepam, loprazolam, lorazepam, lormetazepam...
mild coronary atherosclerosis and drug ingestion, including mirtazapine, alprazolam, acetaminophen, pregabalin, and hydrocodone. Oppenheimer, Jerry (October...
death was accidental: drowning after inhaling difluoroethane and taking alprazolam. Carter's ashes were interred at Forest Lawn Memorial Park (Hollywood...
heroin and traces of two prescription tranquilizers: clonazepam, and alprazolam, which contributed to his death. Mid Atlantic Championship Wrestling NWA...
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