This article is about chemical reactions in which ammonia is a reactant. For chemical reactions involving amines, see aminolysis.
In chemistry, ammonolysis (/am·mo·nol·y·sis/) is the process of splitting ammonia into .[1] Ammonolysis reactions can be conducted with organic compounds to produce amines (molecules containing a nitrogen atom with a lone pair, :N),[2] or with inorganic compounds to produce nitrides.[3][4] This reaction is analogous to hydrolysis in which water molecules are split. Similar to water, liquid ammonia also undergoes auto-ionization, ,[5] where the rate constant is k = 1.9 × 10-38.[6]
Organic compounds such as alkyl halides, hydroxyls (hydroxyl nitriles and carbohydrates), carbonyl (aldehydes/ketones/esters/alcohols), and sulfur (sulfonyl derivatives) can all undergo ammonolysis in liquid ammonia.[5]
^Speight, James G. (2017-01-01), Speight, James G. (ed.), "Chapter 3 - Industrial Organic Chemistry", Environmental Organic Chemistry for Engineers, Butterworth-Heinemann, pp. 87–151, doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-804492-6.00003-4, ISBN 978-0-12-804492-6, retrieved 2022-12-07
^Stevenson, Arthur C. (September 1948). "Ammonolysis". Industrial & Engineering Chemistry. 40 (9): 1584–1589. doi:10.1021/ie50465a006. ISSN 0019-7866.
^Reichert, Malinda D.; White, Miles A.; Thompson, Michelle J.; Miller, Gordon J.; Vela, Javier (2015). "Preparation and Instability of Nanocrystalline Cuprous Nitride". Inorganic Chemistry. 54 (13): 6356−6362. doi:10.1021/acs.inorgchem.5b00679. PMID 26091284.
^ abFernelius, W. Conard.; Bowman, Glade B. (1940-02-01). "Ammonolysis in Liquid Ammonia". Chemical Reviews. 26 (1): 3–48. doi:10.1021/cr60083a002. ISSN 0009-2665.
^Pleskov, V.A (1935). Acta Physiochim. {{cite journal}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
chemistry, ammonolysis (/am·mo·nol·y·sis/) is the process of splitting ammonia into NH 2 − + H + {\displaystyle {\ce {NH2- + H+}}} . Ammonolysis reactions...
alcoholysis (alcohols) and specifically methanolysis (methanol), acetolysis, ammonolysis (ammonia), and aminolysis (alkyl amines). Glycolysis is however an older...
Phthalic anhydride is the organic compound with the formula C6H4(CO)2O. It is the anhydride of phthalic acid. Phthalic anhydride is a principal commercial...
ammonia: CO + NH3 → HCONH2 An alternative two-stage process involves the ammonolysis of methyl formate, which is formed from carbon monoxide and methanol:...
+ H2O Alternatively acetamide can be obtained in excellent yield via ammonolysis of acetylacetone under conditions commonly used in reductive amination...
in the presence of sodium cyanide by the Strecker reaction, or by the ammonolysis of 2-bromopropanoic acid. Alanine is broken down by oxidative deamination...
the reaction involves ammonia may be more specifically referred to as ammonolysis. An example of an aminolysis reaction is the replacement of a halogen...
It has the structure Cl−CH2−C(=O)−NH2. Chloroacetamide is produced by ammonolysis of esters of chloroacetic acid: ClCH2CO2CH3 + NH3 → ClCH2C(O)NH2 + CH3OH...
in 1964 by Krüger and Rochow. By reacting ammonia with chlorosilanes (ammonolysis), trimeric or tetrameric cyclosilazanes were formed initially and further...
can also be used. Another common technique for generating UN2 is the ammonolysis of uranium tetrafluoride. Uranium tetrafluoride is exposed to ammonia...
Walden inversion. Part II. Homogeneous hydrolysis, alcoholysis, and ammonolysis of -phenylethyl halides Edward D. Hughes, Christopher K. Ingold and Alan...
dicyandiamide with ammonium salts. Via the intermediacy of biguanidine, this ammonolysis step affords salts of the guanidinium cation (see below). In the second...
nucleophiles such as ammonia or primary or secondary amines to give amides (ammonolysis reaction): RCO2R' + NH2R″ → RCONHR″ + R'OH This reaction is not usually...
found in the intestinal tract. Synthetic taurine is obtained by the ammonolysis of isethionic acid (2-hydroxyethanesulfonic acid), which in turn is obtained...
6-trinitrobenzene, then the chlorine atoms are substituted with amine groups using ammonolysis. However, it is likely that the production of TATB will be switched over...
their ability to selectively conjugate amines Squaramide is prepared by ammonolysis of diesters of squaric acid: O2C4(OEt)2 + 2 NH3 → O2C4(NH2)2 + 2 EtOH...
chemicals that facilitate glycolysis, methanolysis, hydrolysis, and/or ammonolysis. This act of depolymerization also removes contaminants from the starting...
This product has been used to prepare a racemic mixture of alanine by ammonolysis. In industry, propionic acid is mainly produced by the hydrocarboxylation...
from vitamin B12 by methanolysis to cobester 4, followed by partial ammonolysis and separation of the resulting mixture.: 44-45,126-143 : 170 : 46-47 ...
original on 23 February 2013. Retrieved 25 June 2012. "13.1.3.5. Oxidative ammonolysis of hydrocarbons". ChemAnalitica.com. 1 April 2009. Retrieved 22 October...
metal can react with nitrogen gas at elevated temperatures to form Mo2N. Ammonolysis: Molybdenum precursors, such as molybdenum oxides or molybdates, can...
precursors. The reaction is carried out in a solvent at around 180 °C. Ammonolysis of phthalonitrile gives to diiminoisoindoline. This intermediate condensation...
reactive than their carbon congeners, readily undergoing hydrolysis, ammonolysis, alcoholysis, and condensation to form cyclic oligomers or linear polymers...
Emmanuelle Orhan, François Cheviré, Roger Marchand (January 2005). "Thermal Ammonolysis Study of the Rare-Earth Tantalates RTaO 4". Chemistry of Materials. 17...
Global Information
