June 4, 1928(1928-06-04) (aged 53) Shenyang, Fengtian, Republic of China
Manner of death
Assassination
Nationality
Chinese
Political party
Fengtian clique
Spouses
Zhao Chungui
Lu Shouxuan
Children
14, including:
Zhang Xueliang
Zhang Xueming
Zhang Xuezheng [zh]
Zhang Xuesi [zh]
Zhang Xuesen [zh]
Awards
Order of Rank and Merit Order of the Golden Grain Order of Wen-Hu
Nickname(s)
Old Marshal Rain Marshal Mukden Tiger King of the Northeast
Military service
Allegiance
Qing dynasty
Republic of China
Fengtian clique
Years of service
1900–1928
Rank
Grand Marshal of the Republic of China, generalissimo
Battles/wars
First Sino-Japanese War
Boxer Rebellion
Xinhai Revolution
First Zhili–Fengtian War
Second Zhili–Fengtian War
Northern Expedition (DOW)
This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: "Zhang Zuolin" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR(April 2024) (Learn how and when to remove this message)
Zhang Zuolin[a] (March 19, 1875 – June 4, 1928) was a Chinese warlord who ruled Manchuria from 1916 to 1928. He led the Fengtian clique, one of the most important factions during China's Warlord Era. During the last year of his life, he briefly installed himself as President of the Republic of China.
Born to a poor-peasant’s family in Manchuria. At the age of twenty, he enlist as a cavalry soldier to fight in the First Sino–Japanese War (1894–1895). After the end of the war, he returned to his hometown and became a bandit. From the time of banditry arose his closeness to some figures who later occupied important positions in his military clique. As the weakness of the empire after the Boxer rebellion caused the bandit groups of the region to become the only important military force in the area, so the authorities tried to attract them. Thus, all his bandits gang joined the regular army in 1903. After the Russian-Japanese War, Zhang's forces maintained their ambiguous character of regular military unit and outlaw gangs.
He played a prominent role in the 1911 Revolution in Fengtian. In 1916, he was appointed Fengtian’s Civil and Military Governor and in 1919, he had already taken control of the three northeastern provinces–Fengtian, Jilin and Heilongjiang. He controlled these territories until his death in 1928 as Commander-in-Chief of the Fengtian clique, which grouped his supporters. Considered as one of the main military leaders; from 1918 he began to extend his power into Mongolia and northern China. At the beginning of 1925, it became the most powerful military leader in the north of the country. However, He became the important target for the Kuomintang’s Northern Expedition in 1926 directed against the Beiyang government that was dominated by him.
He managed to influence national politics thanks to the great resources he obtained from the exploitation in northeastern provinces, where was plentiful, sparsely populated and in full development, and to the protection granted to them by successive Japanese. He gathered around him his clique, made up of both military and skilled civilian administrators, who remained fundamentally faithful. Believing the anti–nationalist and communist led he harshly repressed the urban protests that spread throughout the country in 1925. His survival in the middle 1920s was due to the determined Japanese support; for Japanese, Zhang was the best person to defend his interests, compared to other military leaders.
Increasingly enmity with the Japanese, who wanted him to abandon his national ambitions to concentrate on reforming the northeastern provinces in favor of their interests, Zhang was assassinated by Kwantung’s officers in 1928. At that time, He was in full retreat to his bases in the northeast before Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek’s offensive. Zhang Xueliang, his son, maintained control of the northeastern provinces until 1931.
Cite error: There are <ref group=lower-alpha> tags or {{efn}} templates on this page, but the references will not show without a {{reflist|group=lower-alpha}} template or {{notelist}} template (see the help page).
ZhangZuolin (March 19, 1875 – June 4, 1928) was a Chinese warlord who ruled Manchuria from 1916 to 1928. He led the Fengtian clique, one of the most important...
appointed Zhang the commander of his personal guard. Zhang returned to Manchuria in 1922, and joined the Fengtian clique of warlord ZhangZuolin. He made...
joined the Honghuzi irregular cavalry forces of the Manchurian warlord ZhangZuolin at an early age. These forces were recruited as mercenaries by the Japanese...
alliance with ZhangZuolin of the Fengtien clique. A power struggle then broke out between Cao and Zhang, which ended in Cao defeating Zhang in the First...
Wade–Giles: Feng-hsi Chün-fa) was the faction that supported warlord ZhangZuolin during China's Warlord Era. It took its name from Fengtian Province,...
decisive victories against the Beiyang Army. As they approached Beijing, ZhangZuolin, leader of the Manchuria-based Fengtian clique, was forced to flee, and...
Chinese army that existed from 1911 to 1937. It was created by General ZhangZuolin and his "Fengtian Clique", who controlled Northeastern China (Manchuria)...
December 1925) was a Chinese general who served in the Fengtian Army under ZhangZuolin during the Chinese Warlord Era. A republican sympathiser who briefly...
civil and military power would be concentrated in the person of ZhangZuolin. Zhang was declared "Generalissimo", and consequently formed a new military...
incident (Chinese: 皇姑屯事件; pinyin: Huánggū Tún Shìjiàn), also known as the ZhangZuolin Explosion Death Incident (Japanese: 張作霖爆殺事件, Hepburn: Chōsakurin bakusatsu...
(Chinese: 安國軍), was a warlord coalition led by Fengtian clique General ZhangZuolin, and was the military arm of the Beiyang government of the Republic of...
Japanese officers, as is charged." The Japanese had in their employ ZhangZuolin (Chang Tso-lin), a famous Honghuzi leader who led his men against the...
guarantee foreign privileges and ZhangZuolin became despondent at his one-time ally. The only major agreement Feng and Zhang made was to dissolve the discredited...
Expedition was not fully accomplished. Immediately after the death of ZhangZuolin, Zhang Xueliang returned to Shenyang to succeed his father's position. On...
of retirement in 1924 to head ZhangZuolin and Feng Yuxiang's Beiyang government, but was again deposed after Zhang's victory over Feng in the Anti-Fengtian...
following years. The major factions included Duan Qirui's Anhui clique, ZhangZuolin's Fengtian clique, and Feng Guozhang's Zhili clique, of which Wu Peifu...
warlord ZhangZuolin tried to deprive Japanese concessions too, but he was assassinated by the Japanese Kwantung Army. Chang Hsueh-liang, Zhang's son and...
Zhang defected from the Kuomintang and joined the Communist forces during the Chinese Civil War. Zhang Xueming was the second son of ZhangZuolin; like...
challenged by provincial armies such as Yan Xishan's forces in Shanxi and ZhangZuolin's Fengtian clique. Pressure from the Beiyang commanders prevented any...
China from 1924 to 1929. Fighting for the Fengtian clique warlords ZhangZuolin and Zhang Zongchang, Nechaev took part in several wars of the Chinese Warlord...
follower of ZhangZuolin, he was the commander of the 27th Regiment, 27th Division, of the Fengtian Defence Force from 1911 to 1916 as ZhangZuolin took control...
warlord, Marshal ZhangZuolin, the "Old Marshal" of Manchuria. With Beijing in the hands of Zhang, Koo returned to the city. Koo disliked Zhang, an illiterate...
the Northern Expedition, Li was arrested and then executed by warlord ZhangZuolin in Beijing in April 1927. Li was born into a peasant family in Laoting...
of the Chinese head of state Generalissimo ZhangZuolin on 4 June 1928) Northeast Flag Replacement (by Zhang Xueliang on 29 December 1928) Japanese invasion...
Cancer Research winner ZhangZuolin, Chinese/Manchurian politician Guo Songling, Chinese/Manchurian general working with Zhang Xueliang Tetsuzo Fuyushiba...
Global Information
