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Photograph of Itzik Fefer with handwritten Yiddish text
How Yiddish is spelled and written
This article contains Hebrew text. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Hebrew letters.
Yiddish orthography is the writing system used for the Yiddish language. It includes Yiddish spelling rules and the Hebrew script, which is used as the basis of a full vocalic alphabet. Letters that are silent or represent glottal stops in the Hebrew language are used as vowels in Yiddish. Other letters that can serve as both vowels and consonants are either read as appropriate to the context in which they appear, or are differentiated by diacritical marks derived from Hebrew nikkud, commonly referred to as "nekudot" or "pintalach" (literally "points" as those marks are mostly point-like signs). Additional phonetic distinctions between letters that share the same base character are also indicated by either pointing or adjacent placement of otherwise silent base characters. Several Yiddish points are not commonly used in any latter-day Hebrew context; others are used in a manner that is specific to Yiddish orthography. There is significant variation in the way this is applied in literary practice. There are also several differing approaches to the disambiguation of characters that can be used as either vowels or consonants.
Words of Aramaic and Hebrew origin are normally written in the traditional orthography of the source language—i.e., the orthography of these words, which is consonant-based, is generally preserved (Niborski 2012). All other Yiddish words are represented with phonemic orthography. Both forms can appear in a single word—for example, where a Yiddish affix is applied to a Hebrew stem. Yiddish diacritics may also be applied to words that are otherwise written entirely with traditional orthography.
and 29 Related for: Yiddish orthography information
symbols instead of Hebrew letters. Yiddishorthography is the writing system used for the Yiddish language. It includes Yiddish spelling rules and the Hebrew...
led to an increase in formal Yiddish-language education, more uniform orthography, and to the 1925 founding of the Yiddish Scientific Institute, YIVO....
from the Yiddish language, many of them by way of American English. There are differing approaches to the romanization of Yiddishorthography (which uses...
Yiddish dialects are varieties of the Yiddish language and are divided according to the region in Europe where each developed its distinctiveness. Linguistically...
old-style Irish alphabet. It retained some currency in Yiddish and Ladino. In Yiddishorthography, the rafe distinguishes פ /p/ from פֿ /f/ and in words...
is a shva naḥ on the letter ד, and סִדְּרָה is written סידרה. In Yiddishorthography the ḥiriq is placed under the yud ⟨יִ⟩. The following table contains...
distinctive letter in Yiddishorthography, in a play on a Yiddish alphabet song. This particular letter (אָ) is also used to represent Yiddish on Duolingo, replacing...
but that digraph is not permitted at the beginning of a word in Yiddishorthography, so it is preceded by a silent aleph. Some publications use a silent...
graphs are in the Alphabetic Presentation Forms block: Note: In Yiddishorthography only, the glyph, yud-ḥiriq (יִ), pronounced /i/, can be optionally...
of the letter ayin ע, also used for this purpose much later in Yiddishorthography. In pre-exilic Hebrew, there was a significant development of the...
Yiddish grammar is the system of principles which govern the structure of the Yiddish language. This article describes the standard form laid out by YIVO...
and segol which contain a shva next to it. In Yiddishorthography, a pataḥ (called pasekh in Yiddish) has two uses. The combination of pasekh with the...
Eastern Europe, Germany, and Russia as well as orthography, lexicography, and other studies related to Yiddish. Established in 1925 in Wilno in the Second...
/ / and ⟨ ⟩, see IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters. English orthography is the writing system used to represent spoken English, allowing readers...
new letters such as ⟨ĺ⟩ and ⟨ŕ⟩ that were not accepted in the standard orthography. Resurrección María de Azkue's Basque dictionary used also an idiosyncratic...
Yiddish words used in the English language include both words that have been assimilated into English – used by both Yiddish and English speakers – and...
Judaism, and its place in the name of God. In Yiddish, the letter yod is used for several orthographic purposes in native words: Alone, a single yod י...
central in molding the standards of Soviet Yiddish in regards to lexicon, grammar, style, and orthography . After advocating the study of the Pentateuch...
⟨ ⟩, see IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters. German orthography is the orthography used in writing the German language, which is largely phonemic...
in Yiddish) a rafé placed above the letter unambiguously denotes the fricative variant: בֿ = /v/, כֿ = /χ/ and פֿ = /f/. In Modern Hebrew orthography, the...
(דײַטשמעריש) is a Yiddish term for Germanized orthography of Yiddish. Daytshmerish Yiddish is spelled אידיש, iddish instead of יידיש, Yiddish. The term was...
/ / and ⟨ ⟩, see IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters. French orthography encompasses the spelling and punctuation of the French language. It is...
The modern Latvian orthography is based on Latin script adapted to phonetic principles, following the pronunciation of the language. The standard alphabet...
versus Yiddish vov yud (/ɔj/). For example, the Yiddish "to be" is זיין, which orthographically matches Dutch zijn more than German sein, or Yiddish הויז...
The Sotsyalistishe Kinder Farband or SKIF (Yiddishorthography: סאָציאַליסטישער קינדער־פֿאַרבאַנד, Polish: Socjalistyczny Związek Dziecięcy, 'Socialist...
Czech orthography is a system of rules for proper formal writing (orthography) in Czech. The earliest form of separate Latin script specifically designed...
Dutch orthography uses the Latin alphabet. The spelling system is issued by government decree and is compulsory for all government documentation and educational...
and Y (ipsilon). To compensate for the shortcomings of the standard orthography, Slovenian also uses standardized diacritics or accent marks to denote...
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