Yellow fluorescent protein (YFP) is a genetic mutant of green fluorescent protein (GFP) originally derived from the jellyfish Aequorea victoria.[1] Its excitation peak is 513 nm and its emission peak is 527 nm.[2] Like the parent GFP, YFP is a useful tool in cell and molecular biology because the excitation and emission peaks of YFP are distinguishable from GFP which allows for the study of multiple processes/proteins within the same experiment.
Three improved versions of YFP are Citrine, Venus, and Ypet. They have reduced chloride sensitivity, faster maturation, and increased brightness (defined as the product of the extinction coefficient and quantum yield). Typically, YFP serves as the acceptor for genetically-encoded FRET sensors of which the most likely donor FP is monomeric cyan fluorescent protein (mCFP). The red-shift relative to GFP is caused by a Pi-Pi stacking interaction as a result of the T203Y substitution introduced by mutation, which essentially increases the polarizability of the local chromophore environment as well as providing additional electron density into the chromophore.
"Venus" contains a novel amino acid substitution –F46L– which accelerates the oxidation of the chromophore at 37°C, the rate limiting step of maturation. The protein has other substitutions (F64L/ M153T/ V163A/ S175G), permitting Venus to fold well and giving it relative tolerance to acidosis and Cl−.[3]
^Ormö, Mats; Cubitt, Andrew B.; Kallio, Karen; Gross, Larry A.; Tsien, Roger Y.; Remington, S. James (1996-09-06). "Crystal Structure of the Aequorea victoria Green Fluorescent Protein". Science. 273 (5280): 1392–1395. Bibcode:1996Sci...273.1392O. doi:10.1126/science.273.5280.1392. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 8703075.
^Lambert, Talley. "EYFP at FPbase". FPbase. Retrieved 2021-02-22.
^Nagai, T; Ibata, K; Park, E. S.; Kubota, M; Mikoshiba, K; Miyawaki, A (2002). "A variant of yellow fluorescent protein with fast and efficient maturation for cell-biological applications". Nature Biotechnology. 20 (1): 87–90. doi:10.1038/nbt0102-87. PMID 11753368.
and 23 Related for: Yellow fluorescent protein information
Yellowfluorescentprotein (YFP) is a genetic mutant of green fluorescentprotein (GFP) originally derived from the jellyfish Aequorea victoria. Its excitation...
The green fluorescentprotein (GFP) is a protein that exhibits green fluorescence when exposed to light in the blue to ultraviolet range. The label GFP...
Fluorescentproteins include: Green fluorescentprotein (GFP) Yellowfluorescentprotein (YFP) Red fluorescentprotein (RFP) This article includes a list...
Variants such as yellowfluorescentprotein (YFP) and cyan fluorescentprotein (CFP) were discovered in Anthozoa. Issues with fluorescentproteins include the...
(colour), a shade of yellow Citrine quartz, a yellow variety of quartz Citrine (protein), a type of yellowfluorescentprotein Citrine (EP), a 2016 album...
monomeric green fluorescentprotein known as mNeonGreen, which is the brightest known monomeric green or yellowfluorescentprotein. Lancelets are passive...
biomolecule such as a protein, antibody, or amino acid. Generally, fluorescent tagging, or labeling, uses a reactive derivative of a fluorescent molecule known...
identified as a carrier of green fluorescentprotein (GFP) by Osamu Shimomura. The gene for these green fluorescentproteins has been isolated and is scientifically...
almost no dark fraction in their fluorescence. Fluorescentproteins can have a dark fraction from protein misfolding or defective chromophore formation...
monomeric red fluorescentproteins (mRFPs). As an RFP, mCherry was derived from DsRed of Discosoma sea anemones, unlike green fluorescentproteins (GFPs) which...
genetically modify proteins to also carry a fluorescentprotein reporter. In biological samples this allows a scientist to directly make a protein of interest...
technology typically used to validate protein interactions. It is based on the association of fluorescentprotein fragments that are attached to components...
fluorescence, one can utilize recombinant proteins containing fluorescentprotein domains, e.g., green fluorescentprotein (GFP). The GFP-technique involves altering...
sequestrating proteins or mRNAs with inverted repeats in their 3′ UTRs. Paraspeckles are organised into core-shell spheroidal structures; seven proteins on a scaffold...
reporter genes, for many of the same applications as fluorescentproteins. However, unlike fluorescentproteins, luciferases do not require an external light...
(shades of brown); for others, a plethora of colour-combinations (reds, yellows, greens, blues) can be seen. Chameleons are also distinguished by their...
were expressed in tobacco leaf epidermal cells with an attached yellowfluorescentprotein (YFP). The RTNLB13 was localized in the ER of those cells. Additionally...
Small ultra red fluorescentprotein (smURFP) is a class of far-red fluorescentprotein evolved from a cyanobacterial (Trichodesmium erythraeum) phycobiliprotein...
purification. Fluorescence tags are used to give visual readout on a protein. Green fluorescentprotein (GFP) and its variants are the most commonly used fluorescence...
powder slightly soluble in water and alcohol. It is widely used as a fluorescent tracer for many applications. The color of its aqueous solutions is green...
designed on the basis of endogenously expressed fluorescentproteins such as Yellowfluorescentprotein (YFP). An advantage of endogenously expressed probes...