Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Chemical compound
Xanthine (/ˈzænθiːn/ or /ˈzænθaɪn/, from Ancient Greek ξανθός xanthós "yellow" due to its yellowish-white appearance; archaically xanthic acid; systematic name 3,7-dihydropurine-2,6-dione) is a purine base found in most human body tissues and fluids, as well as in other organisms.[2] Several stimulants are derived from xanthine, including caffeine, theophylline, and theobromine.[3][4]
Xanthine is a product on the pathway of purine degradation.[2]
It is created from guanine by guanine deaminase.
It is created from hypoxanthine by xanthine oxidoreductase.
It is also created from xanthosine by purine nucleoside phosphorylase.
Xanthine is subsequently converted to uric acid by the action of the xanthine oxidase enzyme.[2]
^Merck Index, 11th Edition, 9968.
^ abc"Xanthine, CID 1188". PubChem, National Library of Medicine, US National Institutes of Health. 2019. Retrieved 28 September 2019.
^Spiller, Gene A. (1998). Caffeine. Boca Raton: CRC Press. ISBN 0-8493-2647-8.
^Katzung, Bertram G. (1995). Basic & Clinical Pharmacology. East Norwalk, Connecticut: Paramount Publishing. pp. 310, 311. ISBN 0-8385-0619-4.
Xanthine (/ˈzænθiːn/ or /ˈzænθaɪn/, from Ancient Greek ξανθός xanthós "yellow" due to its yellowish-white appearance; archaically xanthic acid; systematic...
Xanthine oxidase (XO, sometimes 'XAO') is a form of xanthine oxidoreductase, a type of enzyme that generates reactive oxygen species. These enzymes catalyze...
as xanthine oxidase deficiency, is a rare genetic disorder causing the accumulation of xanthine. It is caused by a deficiency of the enzyme xanthine oxidase...
A xanthine oxidase inhibitor is any substance that inhibits the activity of xanthine oxidase, an enzyme involved in purine metabolism. In humans, inhibition...
function of xanthine oxidase in the purine degradation pathway. Xanthine oxidase will degrade hypoxanthine to xanthine and then to uric acid. Xanthine is not...
substance in the said solvent. The enzyme xanthine oxidase (XO) catalyzes the formation of uric acid from xanthine and hypoxanthine. XO, which is found in...
In enzymology, a xanthine phosphoribosyltransferase (EC 2.4.2.22) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction XMP + diphosphate ⇌{\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons...
Guanase converts guanine to xanthineXanthine oxidase (a form of xanthine oxidoreductase) catalyzes the oxidation of xanthine to uric acid A nuclease frees...
result in harm, this use has not been well studied. Allopurinol is in the xanthine oxidase inhibitor family of medications. Allopurinol was approved for medical...
groups on the complementary bases. Nucleobases such as adenine, guanine, xanthine, hypoxanthine, purine, 2,6-diaminopurine, and 6,8-diaminopurine may have...
action of xanthine oxidase on xanthine. However, more frequently in purine degradation, xanthine is formed from oxidation of hypoxanthine by xanthine oxidoreductase...
of hypoxanthine and xanthine via the acceleration of adenine nucleotide degradation, and is a possible weak inhibitor of xanthine dehydrogenase. As a...
Pentoxifylline, also known as oxpentifylline, is a xanthine derivative used as a drug to treat muscle pain in people with peripheral artery disease. It...
chocolate poisoning or cocoa poisoning, is an overdosage reaction to the xanthine alkaloid theobromine, found in chocolate, tea, cola beverages, and some...
Diprophylline (INN) or dyphylline (USAN) (trade names Dilor, Lufyllin) is a xanthine derivative with bronchodilator and vasodilator effects. It is used in the...
of the sex chromosomes is absent Xanthine oxidase, an enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of hypoxanthine to xanthine Xylenol orange, a chemical indicator...
Complex I and Complex III), as well as several other enzymes, for example xanthine oxidase, which can catalyze the transfer of electrons directly to molecular...
Use is not recommended during pregnancy or breastfeeding. It inhibits xanthine oxidase, thus reducing production of uric acid in the body. Febuxostat...
The molecular formula C8H10N4O2 may refer to: Enprofylline, a xanthine derivative used in the treatment of asthma. Caffeine, the world's most widely consumed...
C-to-T mutations. Deamination of guanine results in the formation of xanthine. Xanthine, however, still pairs with cytosine. Deamination of adenine results...
molecule, a derivative of purine. It is also classified as a dimethyl xanthine. Related compounds include theophylline, caffeine, paraxanthine, and 7-methylxanthine...
caffeine. Natural sources of caffeine contain widely varying mixtures of xanthine alkaloids other than caffeine, including the cardiac stimulants theophylline...
Xanthosine is a nucleoside derived from xanthine and ribose. It is the biosynthetic precursor to 7-methylxanthosine by the action of 7-methylxanthosine...
GMP is split into the base guanine and ribose. Guanine is deaminated to xanthine which in turn is oxidized to uric acid. This last reaction is irreversible...
Caffeine is a bitter, white crystalline xanthine alkaloid that acts as a psychoactive stimulant drug. It can have both positive and negative effects on...
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