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Deamination is the removal of an amino group from a molecule.[1] Enzymes that catalyse this reaction are called deaminases.
In the human body, deamination takes place primarily in the liver; however, it can also occur in the kidney. In situations of excess protein intake, deamination is used to break down amino acids for energy. The amino group is removed from the amino acid and converted to ammonia. The rest of the amino acid is made up of mostly carbon and hydrogen, and is recycled or oxidized for energy. Ammonia is toxic to the human system, and enzymes convert it to urea or uric acid by addition of carbon dioxide molecules (which is not considered a deamination process) in the urea cycle, which also takes place in the liver. Urea and uric acid can safely diffuse into the blood and then be excreted in urine.
^Smith, Michael B.; March, Jerry (2013), Advanced Organic Chemistry: Reactions, Mechanisms, and Structure (7th ed.), New York: Wiley-Interscience, p. 1547
Deamination is the removal of an amino group from a molecule. Enzymes that catalyse this reaction are called deaminases. In the human body, deamination...
Oxidative deamination is a form of deamination that generates α-keto acids and other oxidized products from amine-containing compounds, and occurs primarily...
it is inherently unstable, and can change into uracil (spontaneous deamination). This can lead to a point mutation if not repaired by the DNA repair...
ammonolysis of 2-bromopropanoic acid. Alanine is broken down by oxidative deamination, the inverse reaction of the reductive amination reaction described above...
APOBEC3G belongs to the family of cytidine deaminases that catalyze the deamination of cytidine to uridine in the single stranded DNA substrate. The C-terminal...
the breakdown of fat in adipose tissue to fatty acids, and oxidative deamination of neurotransmitters by monoamine oxidase. There are many signals that...
chemically damaged by a variety of mechanisms, the most common ones being deamination, oxidation, and alkylation. These modifications can affect the ability...
melanoidins The open-chain Amadori products undergo further dehydration and deamination to produce dicarbonyls. This is a crucial intermediate. Dicarbonyls react...
catabolism. Among the several degradative processes for amino acids are Deamination (removal of an amino group), transamination (transfer of amino group)...
high mutation rate of methylated CpG sites: the spontaneously occurring deamination of a methylated cytosine results in a thymine, and the resulting G:T...
such as cytidine (C) to uridine (U) and adenosine (A) to inosine (I) deaminations, as well as non-template nucleotide additions and insertions. RNA editing...
generated by reductive deamination from tryptophan via the intermediate molecule indolepyruvic acid. Tryptophanase catalyzes the deamination reaction, during...
38% through GI tract Protein binding 95% Metabolism Liver (oxidative deamination) Onset of action Very rapid (IV); within 20 min (by mouth) Elimination...
aliphatic alpha- and beta-hydroxylation, N-oxidation, N-dealkylation, and deamination. The known metabolic pathways include: Methamphetamine and amphetamine...
the many bases created through mutagen presence, both of them through deamination (replacement of the amine-group with a carbonyl-group). Hypoxanthine...
undergo chemical reactions. Degradation of an amino acid often involves deamination by moving its amino group to α-ketoglutarate, forming glutamate. This...
PMID 1752426. Fryxell, Karl J.; Zuckerkandl, Emile (September 2000). "Cytosine Deamination Plays a Primary Role in the Evolution of Mammalian Isochores". Molecular...
Hypoxanthine is also a spontaneous deamination product of adenine. Because of its resemblance to guanine, the spontaneous deamination of adenine can lead to an...
the analogous RNA base uracil, which has no methyl group. Spontaneous deamination of 5-methylcytosine converts it to thymine. This results in a T:G mismatch...
lyase (PAL). PAL catalyzes this reaction by a non-oxidative deamination. This deamination relies on the MIO prosthetic group of PAL. PAL gives rise to...
metabolite of amphetamine and methamphetamine via FMO3-mediated oxidative deamination. There are many routes to synthesize phenylacetone. Industry uses the...
colored purple-black. Lactose non-fermenters may increase the pH by deamination of proteins. This ensures that the dye is not absorbed. The colonies...
the body's disposal of excess or waste nitrogen. Glutamate undergoes deamination, an oxidative reaction catalysed by glutamate dehydrogenase, as follows:...
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