Water supply and sanitation in Vietnam information
Water supply and sanitation in Vietnam
Data
Access to an improved water source
98% (2015) [1]
Continuity of supply
21.6 hours per day on average in 68 cities (2009), often at low pressure
Average urban water use (L/person/day)
50 (2004 in small towns),[2] 80−130 (2009 in towns and cities) [3]
Average urban water and sanitation tariff (US$/m3)
0.26 (2009) [4]
Share of household metering
96% in cities (2009) [3]
Annual investment in WSS
US$156 million per year (average 1998−2002), corresponding to less than $2 per capita per year [5]
Financing
ca. 60% external donors, ca. 25% internal public sources, ca. 15% by users [5]
Institutions
Decentralization to municipalities
At the provincial level
National water and sanitation company
No
Water and sanitation regulator
None
Responsibility for policy setting
Ministry of Construction (urban areas), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development (water supply in rural areas), Ministry of Health (sanitation in rural areas)
Sector law
None
No. of urban service providers
68 Provincial Water Supply Companies and a number of Urban Environmental Companies in the largest cities for sewerage and wastewater treatment
No. of rural service providers
More than 4,433 (number from 2007 based on a survey in 39 of 58 provinces)
Water supply and sanitation in Vietnam is characterized by challenges and achievements. Among the achievements is a substantial increase in access to water supply and sanitation between 1990 and 2010, nearly universal metering, and increased investment in wastewater treatment since 2007. Among the challenges are continued widespread water pollution, poor service quality, low access to improved sanitation in rural areas, poor sustainability of rural water systems, insufficient cost recovery for urban sanitation, and the declining availability of foreign grant and soft loan funding as the Vietnamese economy grows and donors shift to loan financing.[6][7][8] The government also promotes increased cost recovery through tariff revenues and has created autonomous water utilities at the provincial level, but the policy has had mixed success as tariff levels remain low and some utilities have engaged in activities outside their mandate.
^Cite error: The named reference :0 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Prepared by Camellia Staykova (EWDWS) Task managed by Bill Kingdom (EASUR) (2006). "Water Supply and Sanitation Strategy Building on a solid foundation" (PDF). World Bank. p. 26. Retrieved 19 January 2013.
^ abCite error: The named reference ADB Sector Review was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^"Vietnam Country Report". International Benchmarking Network for Water and Sanitation Utilities. Retrieved 30 May 2013.
^ abCite error: The named reference WB Investment was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^"BORGEN Magazine - The Borgen Project". BORGEN. 2023-09-30. Retrieved 2023-10-01.
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