Failures of water supply and sanitation systems information
Destroyed water supply pipes in Kariba, Zimbabwe
Failures of water supply and sanitation systems describe situations where water supply and sanitation systems (also called WASH systems) have been put in place (for example by the government or by non-government organizations (NGOs) but have failed to meet the expected outcomes. Often this is due to poor planning, lack of choice of appropriate technology depending upon the context, insufficient stakeholder involvement at the various stages of the project and lack of maintenance. While Hygiene Behavior Change is important in achieving the health benefits of improved WASH systems, the achievement of sustainability of WASH infrastructure depends on creation of demand for sanitation services.[1][2]
National government mapping and monitoring efforts as well as post-project monitoring by NGOs or researchers, have identified the failure of water supply systems (also known as water points, wells, boreholes, or similar) and sanitation systems (one part of sanitation systems are the toilets). The following sections provide examples of those failures sorted by country.
^Abellán, Javier; Alonso, José Antonio (2022). "Promoting global access to water and sanitation: A supply and demand perspective". Water Resources and Economics. 38: 100194. doi:10.1016/j.wre.2022.100194. S2CID 246261266.
^Jenkins, M; Pfeiffer, V; Etienne, J (2009). Papers from Session 1 - 4 at the Financing Sanitation Symposium. Financing Sanitation Symposium. Frankfurt, German: KfW.
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