This article is about a class of chemically related vitamers sometimes called niacin. For other uses, see Niacin (disambiguation).
Vitamin B3
Drug class
Structure of nicotinamide, one of the vitamers of vitamin B3
Class identifiers
Use
Vitamin B3 deficiency
ATC code
A11H
Biological target
enzyme cofactor
Clinical data
Drugs.com
Niacin
External links
MeSH
D009536
Legal status
In Wikidata
Vitamin B3, colloquially referred to as niacin, is a vitamin family that includes three forms, or vitamers: niacin (nicotinic acid), nicotinamide (niacinamide), and nicotinamide riboside.[1] All three forms of vitamin B3 are converted within the body to nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD).[1] NAD is required for human life and people are unable to make it within their bodies without either vitamin B3 or tryptophan.[1] Nicotinamide riboside was identified as a form of vitamin B3 in 2004.[2][1]
Niacin (the nutrient) can be manufactured by plants and animals from the amino acid tryptophan.[3] Niacin is obtained in the diet from a variety of whole and processed foods, with highest contents in fortified packaged foods, meat, poultry, red fish such as tuna and salmon, lesser amounts in nuts, legumes and seeds.[4][5] Niacin as a dietary supplement is used to treat pellagra, a disease caused by niacin deficiency. Signs and symptoms of pellagra include skin and mouth lesions, anemia, headaches, and tiredness.[6] Many countries mandate its addition to wheat flour or other food grains, thereby reducing the risk of pellagra.[4][7]
The amide nicotinamide (niacinamide) is a component of the coenzymes nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP+). Although niacin and nicotinamide are identical in their vitamin activity, nicotinamide does not have the same pharmacological, lipid-modifying effects or side effects as niacin, i.e., when niacin takes on the -amide group, it does not reduce cholesterol nor cause flushing.[8][9] Nicotinamide is recommended as a treatment for niacin deficiency because it can be administered in remedial amounts without causing the flushing, considered an adverse effect.[10] In the past, the group was loosely referred to as vitamin B3 complex.[11]
^ abcdStipanuk MH, Caudill MA (2013). Biochemical, Physiological, and Molecular Aspects of Human Nutrition - E-Book. Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 541. ISBN 9780323266956. Vitamin B3... potentially includes three different molecular forms: nicotinic acid, niacinamide, and nicotinamide riboside
^Bieganowski P, Brenner C (May 14, 2004). "Discoveries of nicotinamide riboside as a nutrient and conserved NRK genes establish a Preiss-Handler independent route to NAD+ in fungi and humans". Cell. 117 (4): 495–502. doi:10.1016/s0092-8674(04)00416-7. PMID 15137942.
^Cite error: The named reference DRItext was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ ab"Niacin". Micronutrient Information Center, Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR. October 8, 2018. Retrieved September 16, 2019.
^"Niacin Fact Sheet for Health Professionals". Office of Dietary Supplements, US National Institutes of Health. June 3, 2020. Retrieved June 29, 2020.
^Hegyi J, Schwartz RA, Hegyi V (January 2004). "Pellagra: dermatitis, dementia, and diarrhea". International Journal of Dermatology. 43 (1): 1–5. doi:10.1111/j.1365-4632.2004.01959.x. PMID 14693013. S2CID 33877664.
^"Why fortify?". Food Fortification Initiative. 2017. Archived from the original on April 4, 2017. Retrieved April 4, 2017.
^Jaconello P (October 1992). "Niacin versus niacinamide". CMAJ. 147 (7): 990. PMC 1336277. PMID 1393911.
^Cite error: The named reference Pellagra And Its Prevention was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Silvestre R, Torrado E (2018). Metabolic Interaction in Infection. Springer. p. 364. ISBN 9783319749327. Niacin or nicotinate, together with its amide form nicotinamide, defines the group of vitamin B3 complex
VitaminB3, colloquially referred to as niacin, is a vitamin family that includes three forms, or vitamers: niacin (nicotinic acid), nicotinamide (niacinamide)...
Niacinamide or nicotinamide is a form of vitaminB3 found in food and used as a dietary supplement and medication. As a supplement, it is used orally (swallowed...
as a vitamin B complex. Individual B vitamins are referred to by B-number or by chemical name, such as B1 for thiamine, B2 for riboflavin, and B3 for niacin...
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of said vitamin and prevents the symptoms of deficiency of said vitamin. Early research identified vitamins by their ability to cure vitamin-specific...
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also known as nicotinic acid, is an organic compound and a vitamer of vitaminB3, an essential human nutrient. It is produced by plants and animals from...
contributes to the conversion of tryptophan to niacin (vitaminB3) and the conversion of vitamin B6 to the coenzyme pyridoxal 5'-phosphate requires FMN...
and niacin). Niacin is a precursor to nicotinamide (both are forms of vitaminB3), a necessary component of NAD+.: 541 The causative gene, SLC6A19, is...
thiamine (vitamin B1), riboflavin (B2), niacin (B3), and folic acid (B9). Wheat flour sold in Colombia must by law be fortified with vitamin B1, vitamin B2,...
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Folate, also known as vitamin B9 and folacin, is one of the B vitamins. Manufactured folic acid, which is converted into folate by the body, is used as...
Micronutrients are nutrients such as vitamins and minerals required by organisms in varying quantities throughout life to orchestrate a range of physiological...
crystalline fructose (a sugar), electrolytes, natural flavors, and vitamins (VitaminB3, B5, B6, B12, and C) along with natural caffeine and ribose. Specific...
zwitterion formed by the methylation of the nitrogen atom of niacin (vitaminB3). Trigonelline is a product of niacin metabolism that is excreted in the...
potassium, and sodium), in addition to a high percentage of niacin (vitaminB3), since for every 100 g of snail meat, up to 55% of the DRI (in women)...
organic compounds, such as uracil (one of the four components in RNA) and vitaminB3. Ryugu was discovered on 10 May 1999 by astronomers with the Lincoln Near-Earth...
precursor to the neurotransmitter serotonin, the hormone melatonin, and vitaminB3. It is encoded by the codon UGG. Like other amino acids, tryptophan is...
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