Theodor Benfey's arrangement is an example of a continuous (spiral) table. First published in 1964, it explicitly showed the location of lanthanides and actinides. The elements form a two-dimensional spiral, starting from hydrogen, and folding their way around two peninsulas, the transition metals, and lanthanides and actinides. A superactinide peninsula is already slotted in.[1]
Alkali metal Alkaline earth metal Lanthanide Actinide Transition metal
Post-transition metal Metalloid Polyatomic nonmetal Diatomic nonmetal Noble gas
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Since Dimitri Mendeleev formulated the periodic law in 1871, and published an associated periodic table of chemical elements, authors have experimented with varying types of periodic tables including for teaching, aesthetic or philosophical purposes.
Earlier, in 1869, Mendeleev had mentioned different layouts including short, medium, and even cubic forms. It appeared to him that the latter (three-dimensional) form would be the most natural approach but that "attempts at such a construction have not led to any real results".[2][n 1] On spiral periodic tables, "Mendeleev...steadfastly refused to depict the system as [such]...His objection was that he could not express this function mathematically."[4]
^Benfey, Theodor (2009). "The Biography of a Periodic Spiral: from Chemistry magazine, via Industry, to a Foucault Pendulum" (PDF). Bulletin for the History of Chemistry. 34 (2): 141–145. Retrieved 20 January 2018.
^Mendeleev, DI (1869). "On the correlation between the properties of the elements and their atomic weight". Zhurnal Russkoe Fiziko-Khimicheskoe Obshchestvo. 1: 60–77 (note 2).
^"van den Broek's Periodic Table 2". The INTERNET Database of Periodic Tables. 1911. Retrieved June 16, 2023.
^Stewart, PJ (2018). "Chapter 3: Amateurs and professionals in chemistry: The case of the periodic system". In Scerri, E; Restrepo, G (eds.). Mendeleev to Oganesson: A Multidisciplinary Perspective on the Periodic Table. Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on the Periodic Table, Cuzco, Peru 14–16 August 2012. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 66–79 (68). ISBN 978-0-86380-292-8.
Cite error: There are <ref group=n> tags on this page, but the references will not show without a {{reflist|group=n}} template (see the help page).
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