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Metalloid information


  13 14 15 16 17
2 B
Boron
C
Carbon
N
Nitrogen
O
Oxygen
F
Fluorine
3 Al
Aluminium
Si
Silicon
P
Phosphorus
S
Sulfur
Cl
Chlorine
4 Ga
Gallium
Ge
Germanium
As
Arsenic
Se
Selenium
Br
Bromine
5 In
Indium
Sn
Tin
Sb
Antimony
Te
Tellurium
I
Iodine
6 Tl
Thallium
Pb
Lead
Bi
Bismuth
Po
Polonium
At
Astatine
 
  Commonly recognized (86–99%): B, Si, Ge, As, Sb, Te
  Irregularly recognized (40–49%): Po, At
  Less commonly recognized (24%): Se
  Rarely recognized (8–10%): C, Al
  (All other elements cited in less than 6% of sources)
  Arbitrary metal-nonmetal dividing line: between Be and B, Al and Si, Ge and As, Sb and Te, Po and At

Recognition status, as metalloids, of some elements in the p-block of the periodic table. Percentages are median appearance frequencies in the lists of metalloids.[n 1] The staircase-shaped line is a typical example of the arbitrary metal–nonmetal dividing line found on some periodic tables.

A metalloid is a type of chemical element which has a preponderance of properties in between, or that are a mixture of, those of metals and nonmetals. There is no standard definition of a metalloid and no complete agreement on which elements are metalloids. Despite the lack of specificity, the term remains in use in the literature of chemistry.

The six commonly recognised metalloids are boron, silicon, germanium, arsenic, antimony and tellurium. Five elements are less frequently so classified: carbon, aluminium, selenium, polonium and astatine. On a standard periodic table, all eleven elements are in a diagonal region of the p-block extending from boron at the upper left to astatine at lower right. Some periodic tables include a dividing line between metals and nonmetals, and the metalloids may be found close to this line.

Typical metalloids have a metallic appearance, but they are brittle and only fair conductors of electricity. Chemically, they behave mostly as nonmetals. They can form alloys with metals. Most of their other physical properties and chemical properties are intermediate in nature. Metalloids are usually too brittle to have any structural uses. They and their compounds are used in alloys, biological agents, catalysts, flame retardants, glasses, optical storage and optoelectronics, pyrotechnics, semiconductors, and electronics.

The electrical properties of silicon and germanium enabled the establishment of the semiconductor industry in the 1950s and the development of solid-state electronics from the early 1960s.[1]

The term metalloid originally referred to nonmetals. Its more recent meaning, as a category of elements with intermediate or hybrid properties, became widespread in 1940–1960. Metalloids are sometimes called semimetals, a practice that has been discouraged,[2] as the term semimetal has a different meaning in physics than in chemistry. In physics, it refers to a specific kind of electronic band structure of a substance. In this context, only arsenic and antimony are semimetals, and commonly recognised as metalloids.


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  1. ^ Chedd 1969, pp. 58, 78; National Research Council 1984, p. 43
  2. ^ Cite error: The named reference Atkins2010p20 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

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Metalloid

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A metalloid is a type of chemical element which has a preponderance of properties in between, or that are a mixture of, those of metals and nonmetals...

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Lists of metalloids

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sources that list elements classified as metalloids. The sources are listed in chronological order. Lists of metalloids differ since there is no rigorous widely...

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Antimony

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symbol Sb (from Latin stibium) and atomic number 51. A lustrous gray metalloid, it is found in nature mainly as the sulfide mineral stibnite (Sb2S3)...

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Nonmetal

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recognized as nonmetals. Additionally, some or all of six borderline elements (metalloids) are sometimes counted as nonmetals. The two lightest nonmetals, hydrogen...

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Origin and use of the term metalloid

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The origin and usage of the term metalloid is convoluted. Its origin lies in attempts, dating from antiquity, to describe metals and to distinguish between...

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33

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dictionary. 33 may refer to: 33 (number) 33 BC AD 33 1933 2033 Arsenic, a metalloid in the periodic table 33 Polyhymnia, an asteroid in the asteroid belt...

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Metal

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brittle metals—arsenic and antimony—are commonly instead recognised as metalloids due to their chemistry (predominantly non-metallic for arsenic, and balanced...

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Sodium

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gebrauchten und von mehreren angenommenen Benennungen Kali-Metalloid and Natron-Metalloid, bis zur völligen Aufklärung der chemischen Natur dieser räthzelhaften...

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Silicon

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crystalline solid with a blue-grey metallic luster, and is a tetravalent metalloid and semiconductor. It is a member of group 14 in the periodic table: carbon...

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Stibnite

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an orthorhombic space group. It is the most important source for the metalloid antimony. The name is derived from the Greek στίβι stibi through the Latin...

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Potassium

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gebrauchten und von mehreren angenommenen Benennungen Kali-Metalloid and Natron-Metalloid, bis zur völligen Aufklärung der chemischen Natur dieser räthzelhaften...

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Carbon group

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ions, in the form of carbide (C4−) ions. Silicon and germanium, both metalloids, each can form +4 ions. Tin and lead both are metals, while flerovium...

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32

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preceding 33 one of the years 32 BC, AD 32, 1832, 1932, 2032 Germanium, an metalloid in the periodic table 32 Pomona, an asteroid in the asteroid belt The...

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Smart inorganic polymer

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Smart inorganic polymers (SIPs) are hybrid or fully inorganic polymers with tunable (smart) properties such as stimuli responsive physical properties (shape...

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Selenium

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symbol Se and atomic number 34. It is a nonmetal (more rarely considered a metalloid) with properties that are intermediate between the elements above and...

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Polonium

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rare and highly radioactive metal (although sometimes classified as a metalloid) with no stable isotopes, polonium is a chalcogen and chemically similar...

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Pnictogen

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nonmetal 3 Phosphorus (P) 15 Other nonmetal 4 Arsenic (As) 33 Metalloid 5 Antimony (Sb) 51 Metalloid 6 Bismuth (Bi) 83 Other metal 7 Moscovium (Mc) 115 other...

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Metal cluster compound

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1002/chem.200902815. PMID 20077544. A. Schnepf; H. Schnöckel (2002). "Metalloid aluminum and gallium clusters: element modifications on the molecular...

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Boron group

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also been referred to as the triels. Boron is commonly classified as a (metalloid) while the rest, with the possible exception of nihonium, are considered...

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Difluoride

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Difluorides are chemical compounds with two fluorine atoms per molecule (or per formula unit). Metal difluorides are all ionic. Despite being highly ionic...

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Ester

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stable dimethyl sulfite ((CH3−O−)2S=O) In principle, a part of metal and metalloid alkoxides, of which many hundreds are known, could be classified as esters...

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Periodic table

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should be considered a metalloid – though this situation also holds for phosphorus, which is a much rarer inclusion among the metalloids. There are some other...

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Arsenic

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but also as a pure elemental crystal. Arsenic is a notoriously toxic metalloid. It has various allotropes, but only the grey form, which has a metallic...

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Boron

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atomic number 5. In its crystalline form it is a brittle, dark, lustrous metalloid; in its amorphous form it is a brown powder. As the lightest element of...

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Native element mineral

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The elemental class includes metals, intermetallic compounds, alloys, metalloids, and nonmetals. The Nickel–Strunz classification system also includes...

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Heavy metals

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densities, atomic weights, or atomic numbers. The criteria used, and whether metalloids are included, vary depending on the author and context. In metallurgy...

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