Mode of arrangement of electrons in different shells of an atom
Electron atomic and molecular orbitalsA Bohr diagram of lithium
In atomic physics and quantum chemistry, the electron configuration is the distribution of electrons of an atom or molecule (or other physical structure) in atomic or molecular orbitals.[1] For example, the electron configuration of the neon atom is 1s2 2s2 2p6, meaning that the 1s, 2s, and 2p subshells are occupied by two, two, and six electrons, respectively.
Electronic configurations describe each electron as moving independently in an orbital, in an average field created by the nuclei and all the other electrons. Mathematically, configurations are described by Slater determinants or configuration state functions.
According to the laws of quantum mechanics, a level of energy is associated with each electron configuration. In certain conditions, electrons are able to move from one configuration to another by the emission or absorption of a quantum of energy, in the form of a photon.
Knowledge of the electron configuration of different atoms is useful in understanding the structure of the periodic table of elements, for describing the chemical bonds that hold atoms together, and in understanding the chemical formulas of compounds and the geometries of molecules. In bulk materials, this same idea helps explain the peculiar properties of lasers and semiconductors.
^IUPAC, Compendium of Chemical Terminology, 2nd ed. (the "Gold Book") (1997). Online corrected version: (2006–) "configuration (electronic)". doi:10.1351/goldbook.C01248
and 25 Related for: Electron configuration information
In atomic physics and quantum chemistry, the electronconfiguration is the distribution of electrons of an atom or molecule (or other physical structure)...
(period) is started when a new electron shell has its first electron. Columns (groups) are determined by the electronconfiguration of the atom; elements with...
dependent upon its electronic configuration. For a main-group element, a valence electron can exist only in the outermost electron shell; for a transition metal...
determining their respective electronconfiguration. Nuclear charge: If the nuclear charge (atomic number) is greater, the electrons are held more tightly by...
has 2 electrons, and so on. The configuration is often abbreviated by writing only the valence electrons explicitly, while the core electrons are replaced...
principle hold up to 2(n2) electrons. For an explanation of why electrons exist in these shells, see electronconfiguration. Each shell consists of one...
topological space Configuration space (physics), in classical mechanics, the vector space formed by the parameters of a system Electronconfiguration, the distribution...
nonmetal) with greater electron affinity accepts one or more electrons to attain a stable electronconfiguration, and after accepting electrons an atom becomes...
The d electron count or number of d electrons is a chemistry formalism used to describe the electronconfiguration of the valence electrons of a transition...
chemical bond that involves the sharing of electrons to form electron pairs between atoms. These electron pairs are known as shared pairs or bonding pairs...
matter. In this model the electron cloud of an atom may be seen as being built up (in approximation) in an electronconfiguration that is a product of simpler...
represents an actual value of a physical quantity. For a given electronconfiguration of an atom, its state depends also on its total angular momentum...
few electrons short of a stable configuration. As such, they have the tendency to gain more electrons in order to achieve a stable configuration. This...
losing, or sharing electrons until they have achieved a valence shell electronconfiguration with a full octet of (8) electrons, hydrogen (H) can only...
some disagreement on which configuration has the lower energy. Chemistry textbooks quote nickel's electronconfiguration as [Ar] 4s2 3d8, also written...
that n = 4, the first 18 electrons have the same configuration of Ar at the end of period 3, and the overall configuration is [Ar]3d24s2. The period...
other chemical substances, results from their electronconfiguration: their outer shell of valence electrons is "full", giving them little tendency to participate...
for more details.) For an explanation of why electrons exist in these shells see electronconfiguration. If the potential energy is set to zero at infinite...
element 164 with a 7d109s0 electronconfiguration shows clear analogies with palladium with its 4d105s0 electronconfiguration. The noble metals of this...
non-bonded electrons as a lone pair in an sp orbital and the other two occupying a degenerate pair of p orbitals. The electronconfiguration is consistent...
sometimes requiring identity of the total electron count and with it the entire electronic configuration. More usually, definitions are broader, and...
predation. Fluorine atoms have nine electrons, one fewer than neon, and electronconfiguration 1s22s22p5: two electrons in a filled inner shell and seven...
energy, electron affinity, electronegativity, valency and metallic character. These trends exist because of the similar electronconfigurations of the...
an electronconfiguration closely similar to that of a free atom in an external field, except that the outer parts of the electronconfigurations surrounding...
such a way that each atom has eight electrons in its valence shell, giving it the same electronic configuration as a noble gas. The rule is especially...
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