Early embryonic structure that gives rise to the placenta
Trophoblast
Blastocyst with an inner cell mass and trophoblast.
Details
Days
6
Gives rise to
caul
Identifiers
Latin
trophoblastus; massa cellularis externa
MeSH
D014327
TE
E6.0.1.1.2.0.2
FMA
83029
Anatomical terminology
[edit on Wikidata]
The trophoblast (from Greek trephein: to feed; and blastos: germinator) is the outer layer of cells of the blastocyst. Trophoblasts are present four days after fertilization in humans.[1] They provide nutrients to the embryo and develop into a large part of the placenta.[2][3] They form during the first stage of pregnancy and are the first cells to differentiate from the fertilized egg to become extraembryonic structures that do not directly contribute to the embryo. After blastulation, the trophoblast is contiguous with the ectoderm of the embryo and is referred to as the trophectoderm. [4] After the first differentiation, the cells in the human embryo lose their totipotency because they can no longer form a trophoblast. They become pluripotent stem cells.
^Tang, Jiaqi; Liu, Bailin; Li, Na; Zhang, Mengshu; Li, Xiang; Gao, Qinqin; Zhou, Xiuwen; Sun, Miao; Xu, Zhice; Lu, Xiyuan (2020). "Development of Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone and Nitric Oxide System in the Fetus and Neonate". Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Endocrinology. pp. 643–662. doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-814823-5.00038-6. ISBN 978-0-12-814823-5. S2CID 208378249.
^Soares, Michael J.; Varberg, Kaela M. (2018). "Trophoblast". Encyclopedia of Reproduction. pp. 417–423. doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-801238-3.64664-0. ISBN 978-0-12-815145-7.
^Baines, K.J.; Renaud, S.J. (2017). "Transcription Factors That Regulate Trophoblast Development and Function". Progress in Molecular Biology and Translational Science. 145: 39–88. doi:10.1016/bs.pmbts.2016.12.003. ISBN 978-0-12-809327-6. PMID 28110754.
^Douglas, Gordon C.; VandeVoort, Catherine A.; Kumar, Priyadarsini; Chang, Tien-Cheng; Golos, Thaddeus G. (2009-03-18). "Trophoblast Stem Cells: Models for Investigating Trophectoderm Differentiation and Placental Development". Endocrine Reviews. 30 (3). The Endocrine Society: 228–240. doi:10.1210/er.2009-0001. ISSN 0163-769X. PMC 2726840. PMID 19299251.
The trophoblast (from Greek trephein: to feed; and blastos: germinator) is the outer layer of cells of the blastocyst. Trophoblasts are present four days...
Extravillous trophoblasts (EVTs), are one form of differentiated trophoblast cells of the placenta. They are invasive mesenchymal cells which function...
of cells called the trophoblast, and an inner cell mass. With further compaction the individual outer blastomeres, the trophoblasts, become indistinguishable...
embryoblast which subsequently forms the embryo, and an outer layer of trophoblast cells called the trophectoderm. This layer surrounds the inner cell mass...
known as trophoblasts. The inner cell mass will go on to become the actual embryo. The external, surrounding cells develop into the trophoblast cells. At...
specific. The corresponding specific proteins are mainly expressed in trophoblasts and have functions related to pregnancy. Examples of proteins with elevated...
of two layers: an outer formed by the trophoblast, and an inner formed by the somatic mesoderm. The trophoblast is made up of an internal layer of cubical...
the conceptus consisting of a cavity between Heuser's membrane and the trophoblast. During formation of the primary yolk sac, some of the migrating hypoblast...
between the epiblastic disc and trophoblast. In this way the epiblastic cells migrate between the embryoblast and trophoblast. The floor is formed by the...
formation between a mother and her fetus by mediating the invasiveness of trophoblast cells. It also triggers the production of cellular and molecular factors...
the inner cell mass in eutherians. The pluriblast is distinct from the trophoblast, and gives rise to the germ layers of the embryo, as well as extra embryonic...
differentiated syncytium, extending to 13 cm. It is the outer layer of the trophoblasts and actively invades the uterine wall, during implantation, rupturing...
leading to blindness. Trop-2 expression was originally described in trophoblasts (placenta) and fetal tissues (e.g., lung). Later, its expression was...
13–15 days trophoblast only Secondary The villi increase in size and ramify, while the mesoderm grows into them. 16–21 days trophoblast and mesoderm...
of the uterus. The ICM is entirely surrounded by the single layer of trophoblast cells of the trophectoderm. The physical and functional separation of...
together with the placenta. The part of the decidua that interacts with the trophoblast is the decidua basalis (also called decidua placentalis), while the decidua...
"Cytotrophoblast" is the name given to both the inner layer of the trophoblast (also called layer of Langhans) or the cells that live there. It is interior...
lining has thinned (due to loss of trophoblast giant cells) which exposes the endometrium directly to the fetal trophoblast epithelium. With this exposure...
Specifically, PGF plays a role in trophoblast growth and differentiation. Trophoblast cells, specifically extravillous trophoblast cells, are responsible for...
(hCG) is a hormone for the maternal recognition of pregnancy produced by trophoblast cells that are surrounding a growing embryo (syncytiotrophoblast initially)...
but soon they become arranged into an outer or peripheral layer, the trophoblast, which does not contribute to the formation of the embryo proper, and...
uncontrollably. The cells that form gestational trophoblastic tumours are called trophoblasts and come from tissue that grows to form the placenta during pregnancy...
people with colon cancer and other tumors. Other oncofetal antigens are trophoblast glycoprotein precursor and immature laminin receptor protein (also known...
Preimplantation factor (PIF) is a peptide secreted by trophoblast cells prior to placenta formation in early embryonic development. Human embryos begin...
reproduction, i.e. embryo implantation, endometrial development, and trophoblast growth and differentiation by modulating the immune and endocrine systems...
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