Toremifene, sold under the brand name Fareston among others, is a medication which is used in the treatment of advanced breast cancer in postmenopausal women.[4][6][3] It is taken by mouth.[4]
Side effects of toremifene include hot flashes, sweating, nausea, vomiting, dizziness, vaginal discharge, and vaginal bleeding.[5][7] It can also cause blood clots, irregular heartbeat, cataracts, visual disturbances, elevated liver enzymes, endometrial hyperplasia, and endometrial cancer.[5] High blood calcium levels can occur in women with bone metastases.[5]
The medication is a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) and hence is a mixed agonist–antagonist of the estrogen receptor (ER), the biological target of estrogens like estradiol.[5][7] It has estrogenic effects in bone, the liver, and the uterus and antiestrogenic effects in the breasts.[6][8][9][5] It is a triphenylethylene derivative and is closely related to tamoxifen.[10]
Toremifene was introduced for medical use in 1997.[11][12] It was the first antiestrogen to be introduced since tamoxifen in 1978.[13] It is available as a generic medication in the United States.[14]
^ abcdCite error: The named reference pmid11108432 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ abcdDeVita Jr VT, Lawrence TS, Rosenberg SA (7 January 2015). DeVita, Hellman, and Rosenberg's Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology. Wolters Kluwer Health. pp. 1126–. ISBN 978-1-4698-9455-3.
^ abChabner BA, Longo DL (7 December 2011). Cancer Chemotherapy and Biotherapy: Principles and Practice. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. pp. 659–. ISBN 978-1-4511-4820-6.
^ abcd"FARESTON (toremifene citrate) 60 mg Tablets oral administration" (PDF). GTx, Inc. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. March 2011.
^ abcdefCite error: The named reference RosenthalBurchum2017 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ abMiller WR, Ingle JN (8 March 2002). Endocrine Therapy in Breast Cancer. CRC Press. pp. 55–57. ISBN 978-0-203-90983-6.
^ abCite error: The named reference SchiffArrillaga2017 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Cite error: The named reference MorrowJordan2003 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Cite error: The named reference ScholarlyEditions2013 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Cite error: The named reference CanoAlsina2006 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Cite error: The named reference SilvaZurrida2005 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Cite error: The named reference BidlackOmaye2000 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Cite error: The named reference DiSaiaCreasman2017 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
Toremifene, sold under the brand name Fareston among others, is a medication which is used in the treatment of advanced breast cancer in postmenopausal...
hot flushes. Ospemifene is an analogous metabolite of toremifene. Unlike tamoxifen, toremifene is not a rat hepatocarcinogen and therefore ospemifene...
in 2001, and reincorporated in Delaware in 2003. The company licensed toremifene from Orion Corporation, and licensed andarine, enobosarm and prostarine...
postmenopausal women. Toremifene is a similar SERM drug to tamoxifen, but is less common and only approved for treatment of metastatic cancer. Toremifene is generally...
u) may refer to: Clomifene, or clomiphene Enclomifene, or enclomiphene Toremifene Zuclomifene, or zuclomiphene This set index page lists chemical structure...
therapy. Therapy options include those used in localized cancer, plus toremifene and fulvestrant, often used in combination with CDK4/6 inhibitors (palbociclib...
miproxifene, miproxifene phosphate, nafoxidine, ospemifene, panomifene, and toremifene. The antiestrogen ethamoxytriphetol (MER-25) is also closely related,...
metabolic pathways as the related triphenylethylene SERMs tamoxifen and toremifene. The affinity of clomifene for the ER relative to estradiol ranges from...
other triphenylethylenes, such as clomifene, nafoxidine, ospemifene, toremifene, and numerous others. Other SERMs, like raloxifene, are structurally distinct...
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