Clomifene, also known as clomiphene, is a medication used to treat infertility in women who do not ovulate, including those with polycystic ovary syndrome.[5] It is taken by mouth.[5]
Common side effects include pelvic pain and hot flashes.[5] Other side effects can include changes in vision, vomiting, trouble sleeping, ovarian cancer, and seizures.[5][6] It is not recommended in people with liver disease or abnormal vaginal bleeding of unknown cause or who are pregnant.[6][7] Clomifene is in the selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) family of medication and is a nonsteroidal medication.[7][8] It works by causing the release of GnRH by the hypothalamus, and subsequently gonadotropin from the anterior pituitary.[6]
Clomifene was approved for medical use in the United States in 1967.[5] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, under the category "Ovulation inducers" (Complementary List).[9] Its introduction began the era of assisted reproductive technology.[10]
Clomifene (particularly the purified enclomiphene isomer) has also been found to have a powerful ability to boost or restore testosterone levels in hypogonadal men.[11]
^Cite error: The named reference Brands was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ abcdCite error: The named reference pmid29516347 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Yilmaz S, Yilmaz Sezer N, Gönenç İM, İlhan SE, Yilmaz E (April 2018). "Safety of clomiphene citrate: a literature review". Cytotechnology. 70 (2): 489–495. doi:10.1007/s10616-017-0169-1. PMC 5851961. PMID 29159661.
^Cite error: The named reference singledosekinetics was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ abcde"Clomiphene Citrate". The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. Archived from the original on 14 September 2017. Retrieved 8 December 2016.
^ abcWorld Health Organization (2009). Stuart MC, Kouimtzi M, Hill SR (eds.). WHO Model Formulary 2008. World Health Organization. pp. 385–386. hdl:10665/44053. ISBN 9789241547659.
^ abCite error: The named reference FDAlabel was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Ghumman S (2015). Principles and Practice of Controlled Ovarian Stimulation in ART. Springer. p. 65. ISBN 9788132216865. Archived from the original on 27 December 2016.
^World Health Organization (2019). World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019. Geneva: World Health Organization. hdl:10665/325771. WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.
^Dickey RP, Holtkamp DE (1996). "Development, pharmacology and clinical experience with clomiphene citrate". Human Reproduction Update. 2 (6): 483–506. doi:10.1093/humupd/2.6.483. PMID 9111183.
^Rodriguez KM, Pastuszak AW, Lipshultz LI (August 2016). "Enclomiphene citrate for the treatment of secondary male hypogonadism". Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy. 17 (11): 1561–7. doi:10.1080/14656566.2016.1204294. PMC 5009465. PMID 27337642.
Clomifene, also known as clomiphene, is a medication used to treat infertility in women who do not ovulate, including those with polycystic ovary syndrome...
stereoisomers of clomifene, which itself is a mixture of 38% zuclomifene and 62% enclomifene. Enclomifene is the (E)-stereoisomer of clomifene, while zuclomifene...
antiestrogens (as evidenced by clomifene citrate), since the latter ones are less expensive and more easy to control. Clomifene citrate (or clomid) is the...
stereoisomers of clomifene, which itself is a mixture of 38% zuclomifene and 62% enclomifene. Zuclomifene is the (Z)-stereoisomer of clomifene, while enclomifene...
Clomifenoxide (INN), also known as clomifene N-oxide, is a nonsteroidal selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) of the triphenylethylene group that...
currently unable to box in the United Kingdom, after testing positive for clomifene on two occasions in 2022, on 25 July and 1 September respectively, during...
subsequently LH from the pituitary. Clomifene is a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM). Generally, clomifene does not have adverse effects at the...
and thus mostly antiestrogenic effects is ethamoxytriphetol. SERMs like clomifene and tamoxifen are comparatively more in the middle in their IA and their...
include selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) like tamoxifen, clomifene, and raloxifene, the ER silent antagonist and selective estrogen receptor...
make frequent use of specialized hormone-modulating therapies (such as Clomifene citrate and hormonal contraception) to treat disorders of the female genital...
in the discovery of clomifene, the first potently antiestrogenic TPE derivative to be characterized. The structure of clomifene is similar to that of...
sensitivity. Other medications are taken for similar purposes such as clomifene and the anti-aromatase drugs which are used in order to try to avoid the...
follicle-stimulating hormone. Medications in use for this effect are mainly clomifene citrate and tamoxifen (both being selective estrogen-receptor modulators)...
estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) such as tamoxifen, raloxifene, and clomifene may be beneficial in the treatment of gynecomastia but are not approved...
pulsatile (as opposed to continuous) manner, antiestrogens such as tamoxifen, clomifene, fulvestrant, and aromatase inhibitors like anastrozole, and, only in...
treatment due to elevated levels of HCG, as can be seen with the use of clomifene for follicular induction, in extreme cases resulting in a condition known...
and more easy to control. It generally involves antiestrogens such as clomifene citrate or letrozole, and is followed by natural or artificial insemination...
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