Tamoxifen, sold under the brand name Nolvadex among others, is a selective estrogen receptor modulator used to prevent breast cancer in women and men.[13] It is also being studied for other types of cancer.[13] It has been used for Albright syndrome.[14] Tamoxifen is typically taken daily by mouth for five years for breast cancer.[14]
Serious side effects include a small increased risk of uterine cancer, stroke, vision problems, and pulmonary embolism.[14] Common side effects include irregular periods, weight loss, and hot flashes.[14] It may cause harm to the baby if taken during pregnancy or breastfeeding.[14] It is a selective estrogen-receptor modulator (SERM) and works by decreasing the growth of breast cancer cells.[14][15] It is a member of the triphenylethylene group of compounds.[16]
Tamoxifen was initially made in 1962, by chemist Dora Richardson.[17][18] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.[19] Tamoxifen is available as a generic medication.[14] In 2020, it was the 317th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 900thousand prescriptions.[20][21]
^"NCI Drug Dictionary". 2 February 2011. Archived from the original on 8 December 2015. Retrieved 12 September 2021.
^"Tamoxifen Use During Pregnancy". Drugs.com. 25 July 2019. Retrieved 27 January 2020.
^"Tamoxifen citrate tablet, film coated". DailyMed. Retrieved 12 September 2021.
^"Soltamox- tamoxifen citrate liquid". DailyMed. Retrieved 12 September 2021.
^ abcdCite error: The named reference MorelloWurz2003 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Cite error: The named reference BrennerStevens2017 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Cite error: The named reference ChabnerLongo2011 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ abcdefghCite error: The named reference Sanchez-SpitmanSwen2019 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ abcCite error: The named reference pmid23962908 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Cite error: The named reference pmid21451508 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Cite error: The named reference Nagar2010 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^"Nolvadex (Tamoxifen Citrate) tablets". DailyMed. 3 November 2016. Retrieved 12 September 2021.
^ ab"Tamoxifen Citrate". NCI. 26 August 2015. Archived from the original on 4 January 2016. Retrieved 28 November 2015.
^ abcdefg"Tamoxifen Citrate". The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. Archived from the original on 4 January 2014. Retrieved 27 November 2015.
^"Selective estrogen receptor modulators". Archived from the original on 9 December 2013. Retrieved 28 November 2015.
^Cano A, Calaf i Alsina J, Duenas-Diez JL, eds. (2006). Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators a New Brand of Multitarget Drugs. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg. p. 52. ISBN 9783540347422.
^Cite error: The named reference Viviane M 2017 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Jordan VC (January 2006). "Tamoxifen (ICI46,474) as a targeted therapy to treat and prevent breast cancer". British Journal of Pharmacology. 147 (Suppl 1): S269–S276. doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0706399. PMC 1760730. PMID 16402113.
^World Health Organization (2019). World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019. Geneva: World Health Organization. hdl:10665/325771. WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.
^"The Top 300 of 2020". ClinCalc. Retrieved 7 October 2022.
^"Tamoxifen Citrate - Drug Usage Statistics". ClinCalc. Archived from the original on 22 September 2020. Retrieved 7 October 2022.
Tamoxifen, sold under the brand name Nolvadex among others, is a selective estrogen receptor modulator used to prevent breast cancer in women and men...
SERMs are used dependent on their pattern of action in various tissues: Tamoxifen is a first-line hormonal treatment of ER-positive metastatic breast cancer...
treatment of some cases of gynecomastia but it is not as effective as tamoxifen or raloxifene for this indication. It has shown variable results for gynecomastia...
the treatment and prevention of breast cancer in women. The Arimidex, Tamoxifen, Alone or in Combination (ATAC) trial was of localized breast cancer and...
women with breast cancer. Tamoxifen (a SERM) traditionally was the drug treatment of choice, but the ATAC trial (Arimidex, Tamoxifen, Alone or in Combination)...
effective than tamoxifen or raloxifene. Tamoxifen may be used to treat gynecomastia in adults and of the medical treatments used, tamoxifen is the most effective...
Tamoxifen and Raloxifene (STAR) is a clinical trial from the early 2000s designed determine how the drug raloxifene compares with the drug tamoxifen in...
receptor positive or has an unknown receptor status in postmenopausal women. Tamoxifen is also used to treat hormonally-responsive breast cancer, but it does...
active metabolite of tamoxifen and has been found to be effective in patients that have failed previous hormonal therapies (tamoxifen, aromatase inhibitors...
positive early breast cancer who have received two to three years of tamoxifen and are switched to it for completion of a total of five consecutive years...
recombinase, resulting in Cre becoming specifically activated by tamoxifen. In the absence of tamoxifen, CreER will result in the shuttling of the mutated recombinase...
Further, these knockouts can be inducible. In several mouse studies, tamoxifen is used to induce the Cre recombinase. In this case, Cre recombinase is...
Metastatic breast cancer, tamoxifen can be prescribed to selectively block estrogen's effect on certain cells. SERMs like tamoxifen attach to receptors on...
toxicities of tamoxifen. Tamoxifen has been a very effective drug for the treatment of estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer. But tamoxifen has certain...
documented rarely with the selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) tamoxifen and raloxifene. The phenomenon indicates that these agents can somehow...
closely related to tamoxifen. Toremifene was introduced for medical use in 1997. It was the first antiestrogen to be introduced since tamoxifen in 1978. It is...
Antiestrogens include selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) like tamoxifen, clomifene, and raloxifene, the ER silent antagonist and selective estrogen...
Introduction of laser therapy in treatment of cancer 1960 – Invention of tamoxifen breast cancer anti-estrogen (SERM) hormonal therapy drug 1961 – Vincristine...
receptor-positive breast cancer. It was shown to overcome antiestrogen (tamoxifen, aromatase inhibitor, fulvestrant) resistance in breast cancer by altering...
gefitinib-resistant NSCLC cell lines. In breast cancer, the acquisition of tamoxifen resistance is another major therapeutic problem. It has been shown that...
reaction is a key step in the (non-stereoselective) industrial production of Tamoxifen (currently used for the treatment of estrogen receptor positive breast...
120 mg/m2/day. In the Study of Tamoxifen and Raloxifene (STAR) trial, 60 mg/day raloxifene was 78% as effective as 20 mg/day tamoxifen in preventing non-invasive...
effective than tamoxifen in the treatment of breast cancer in two phase III clinical trials. Droloxifene is an analogue of tamoxifen, specifically 3-hydroxytamoxifen...
Medications in use for this effect are mainly clomifene citrate and tamoxifen (both being selective estrogen-receptor modulators), as well as letrozole...
obesity, high blood pressure and a history of cervical polyps. Taking tamoxifen or hormone replacement therapy can also increase the risk of uterine polyps...
a pulsatile (as opposed to continuous) manner, antiestrogens such as tamoxifen, clomifene, fulvestrant, and aromatase inhibitors like anastrozole, and...
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