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Chemical compound
Aldosterone is the main mineralocorticoid steroid hormone produced by the zona glomerulosa of the adrenal cortex in the adrenal gland.[4][5] It is essential for sodium conservation in the kidney, salivary glands, sweat glands, and colon.[6] It plays a central role in the homeostatic regulation of blood pressure, plasma sodium (Na+), and potassium (K+) levels. It does so primarily by acting on the mineralocorticoid receptors in the distal tubules and collecting ducts of the nephron.[6] It influences the reabsorption of sodium and excretion of potassium (from and into the tubular fluids, respectively) of the kidney, thereby indirectly influencing water retention or loss, blood pressure, and blood volume.[7] When dysregulated, aldosterone is pathogenic and contributes to the development and progression of cardiovascular and kidney disease.[8] Aldosterone has exactly the opposite function of the atrial natriuretic hormone secreted by the heart.[7]
Aldosterone is part of the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system. It has a plasma half-life of less than 20 minutes.[9] Drugs that interfere with the secretion or action of aldosterone are in use as antihypertensives, like lisinopril, which lowers blood pressure by blocking the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), leading to lower aldosterone secretion. The net effect of these drugs is to reduce sodium and water retention but increase the retention of potassium. In other words, these drugs stimulate the excretion of sodium and water in urine, while they block the excretion of potassium.
Another example is spironolactone, a potassium-sparing diuretic of the steroidal spirolactone group, which interferes with the aldosterone receptor (among others) leading to lower blood pressure by the mechanism described above.
Aldosterone was first isolated by Sylvia Tait (Simpson) and Jim Tait in 1953; in collaboration with Tadeusz Reichstein.[10][11][12]
^Singh N, Taibon J, Pongratz S, Geletneky C (2021). "Absolute content determination by quantitative NMR (qNMR) spectroscopy: a curious case of aldosterone". RSC Adv.11 (38): 23627–23630. Bibcode:2021RSCAd..1123627S. doi:10.1039/D1RA03472C. PMC 9036601. PMID 35479823.
^"CSD Entry: ALDAHA10". Cambridge Structural Database: Access Structures. Cambridge Crystallographic Data Centre. 1972. Retrieved 2022-09-03.
^Duax WL, Hauptman H (1972). "Crystal structure and molecular conformation of aldosterone". J. Am. Chem. Soc.94 (15): 5467–5471. doi:10.1021/ja00770a050. PMID 5040851.
^Jaisser F, Farman N (January 2016). "Emerging Roles of the Mineralocorticoid Receptor in Pathology". Pharmacological Reviews. 68 (1): 49–75. doi:10.1124/pr.115.011106. PMID 26668301.
^Marieb EN, Hoehn K (2013). "Chapter 16". Human anatomy & physiology (9th ed.). Boston: Pearson. pp. 629, Question 14. OCLC 777127809.
^ abArai K, Chrousos GP (2000-01-01). "Aldosterone Deficiency and Resistance". In De Groot LJ, Chrousos G, Dungan K, Feingold KR, Grossman A, Hershman JM, Koch C, Korbonits M, McLachlan R (eds.). Endotext. South Dartmouth (MA): MDText.com, Inc. PMID 25905305.
^Gajjala PR, Sanati M, Jankowski J (2015-07-08). "Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Chronic Kidney Disease with Diabetes Mellitus and Cardiovascular Diseases as Its Comorbidities". Frontiers in Immunology. 6: 340. doi:10.3389/fimmu.2015.00340. ISSN 1664-3224. PMC 4495338. PMID 26217336.
^"Pharmacokinetics of Corticosteroids". 2003. Retrieved 15 June 2016.
^Connell JM, Davies E (2005-07-01). "The new biology of aldosterone". Journal of Endocrinology. 186 (1): 1–20. doi:10.1677/joe.1.06017. ISSN 0022-0795. PMID 16002531.
^Tait SA, Tait JF, Coghlan JP (2004-03-31). "The discovery, isolation and identification of aldosterone: reflections on emerging regulation and function". Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology. 217 (1–2): 1–21. doi:10.1016/j.mce.2003.10.004. PMID 15134795. S2CID 5738857.
^Williams JS, Williams GH (June 2003). "50th anniversary of aldosterone". J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 88 (6): 2364–72. doi:10.1210/jc.2003-030490. PMID 12788829.
Aldosterone is the main mineralocorticoid steroid hormone produced by the zona glomerulosa of the adrenal cortex in the adrenal gland. It is essential...
receptor antagonist (MRA or MCRA) or aldosterone antagonist, is a diuretic drug which antagonizes the action of aldosterone at mineralocorticoid receptors....
In physiology, aldosterone escape is a term that has been used to refer to two distinct phenomena involving aldosterone that are exactly opposite each...
Aldosterone synthase, also called steroid 18-hydroxylase, corticosterone 18-monooxygenase or P450C18, is a steroid hydroxylase cytochrome P450 enzyme...
primary hyperaldosteronism, refers to the excess production of the hormone aldosterone from the adrenal glands, resulting in low renin levels and high blood...
Eplerenone, sold under the brand name Inspra, is an aldosterone antagonist type of potassium-sparing diuretic that is used to treat chronic heart failure...
decreased levels of the hormone aldosterone. Similarly, isolated hypoaldosteronism is the condition of having lowered aldosterone without corresponding changes...
glucocorticoids (primarily cortisol), mineralocorticoids (primarily aldosterone), and androgens. These hormones are important in regulating blood pressure...
(DHEA-S), and aldosterone. During the test, a small amount of synthetic ACTH is injected, and the amount of cortisol (and sometimes aldosterone) that the...
production of aldosterone, a mineralocorticoid. The synthesis and secretion of aldosterone are mainly regulated by the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system....
produce a variety of hormones including adrenaline and the steroids aldosterone and cortisol. They are found above the kidneys. Each gland has an outer...
corticosterone (C 21H 30O 4), cortisone (C 21H 28O 5) and aldosterone (C 21H 28O 5) (cortisone and aldosterone are isomers). The main corticosteroids produced by...
(electrolyte balance and fluid balance). The primary mineralocorticoid is aldosterone. The name mineralocorticoid derives from early observations that these...
of pregnancy. It is a steroid that blocks the effects of the hormones aldosterone and testosterone and has some estrogen-like effects. Spironolactone belongs...
effect at similar locations: Aldosterone antagonists: spironolactone, which is a competitive antagonist of aldosterone. Aldosterone normally adds sodium channels...
inhibitor due to its effect on aldosterone. Suppression of angiotensin II leads to a decrease in aldosterone levels. Since aldosterone is responsible for increasing...
brainstem which are uniquely sensitive to the mineralocorticosteroid hormone aldosterone, through expression of HSD11B2. They are located within the caudal medulla...
participates in the body's renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS)—also known as the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone axis—that increases the volume of extracellular...
aldosteronism also describable as aldosterone synthase hyperactivity, is an autosomal dominant disorder in which the increase in aldosterone secretion produced by...
through reabsorption and excretion, processes regulated by the hormones aldosterone and vasopressin (antidiuretic hormone). There are several components...
mineralocorticoid aldosterone into the blood as part of the renin–angiotensin system. Although sustained production of aldosterone requires persistent...
that is being evaluated for the treatment of hypertension. It is an aldosterone synthase inhibitor. "Baxdrostat - CinCor Pharma". AdisInsight. Springer...
Hyperaldosteronism is a medical condition wherein too much aldosterone is produced by the adrenal glands, which can lead to lowered levels of potassium...
regulates blood pressure. Angiotensin also stimulates the release of aldosterone from the adrenal cortex to promote sodium retention by the kidneys. An...
Cushing's syndrome, and are caused by overproduction of corticosteroids, aldosterone, and androgenic steroids. Symptoms related to hypoadrenalism, such as...
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