"Polarized capacitor" redirects here. For other types of polarized capacitors, see Supercapacitor.
Most common styles of aluminium and tantalum electrolytic capacitorsAn assortment of electrolytic capacitors
This article duplicates the scope of other articles, specifically Aluminium electrolytic capacitor. Please discuss this issue and help introduce a summary style to the article.(May 2020)
An electrolytic capacitor is a polarized capacitor whose anode or positive plate is made of a metal that forms an insulating oxide layer through anodization. This oxide layer acts as the dielectric of the capacitor. A solid, liquid, or gel electrolyte covers the surface of this oxide layer, serving as the cathode or negative plate of the capacitor. Because of their very thin dielectric oxide layer and enlarged anode surface, electrolytic capacitors have a much higher capacitance-voltage (CV) product per unit volume than ceramic capacitors or film capacitors, and so can have large capacitance values. There are three families of electrolytic capacitor: aluminium electrolytic capacitors, tantalum electrolytic capacitors, and niobium electrolytic capacitors.
The large capacitance of electrolytic capacitors makes them particularly suitable for passing or bypassing low-frequency signals, and for storing large amounts of energy. They are widely used for decoupling or noise filtering in power supplies and DC link circuits for variable-frequency drives, for coupling signals between amplifier stages, and storing energy as in a flashlamp.
Electrolytic capacitors are polarized components because of their asymmetrical construction and must be operated with a higher potential (i.e., more positive) on the anode than on the cathode at all times. For this reason the polarity is marked on the device housing. Applying a reverse polarity voltage, or a voltage exceeding the maximum rated working voltage of as little as 1 or 1.5 volts, can damage the dielectric causing catastrophic failure of the capacitor itself. Failure of electrolytic capacitors can result in an explosion or fire, potentially causing damage to other components as well as injuries. Bipolar electrolytic capacitors which may be operated with either polarity are also made, using special constructions with two anodes connected in series. A bipolar electrolytic capacitor can also be made by connecting two normal electrolytic capacitors in series, anode to anode or cathode to cathode.
and 27 Related for: Electrolytic capacitor information
An electrolyticcapacitor is a polarized capacitor whose anode or positive plate is made of a metal that forms an insulating oxide layer through anodization...
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aluminum electrolyticcapacitors with anodic oxidized aluminum oxide as dielectric and with the semiconducting solid manganese dioxide as electrolyte. They...
resistance, and lead to a higher ESR. In a non-electrolyticcapacitor and electrolyticcapacitors with solid electrolyte, the metallic resistance of the leads...
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together, to form a capacitor body. Film capacitors, together with ceramic capacitors and electrolyticcapacitors, are the most common capacitor types for use...
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1–2% of the original voltage, but it can be as much as 15% for electrolyticcapacitors. The voltage at the terminals generated by the dielectric absorption...
along. In electrolyticcapacitors the chemical effect is used to produce an extremely thin dielectric or insulating coating, while the electrolyte layer behaves...
The modern electrolyticcapacitor, an essential component of most rectifier circuit configurations was also developed from the electrolytic rectifier....
contamination of capacitor materials, particularly from flux and solvent residues. In addition to the problems listed above, electrolyticcapacitors suffer from...
version of the vacuum tube US 2013564 "Electrolytic condenser" filed on 1931-08-29, describing an electrolyticcapacitor History of the transistor John Bertrand...
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galling of threaded components and to make dielectric films for electrolyticcapacitors. Anodic films are most commonly applied to protect aluminium alloys...
production of electrolyticcapacitors there the following year. In 1962 RIFA built a new factory for the manufacture of paper and plastic film capacitors in Kalmar...
variable capacitor is a capacitor whose capacitance may be intentionally and repeatedly changed mechanically or electronically. Variable capacitors are often...
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