Surgical stress is the systemic response to surgical injury and is characterized by activation of the sympathetic nervous system, endocrine responses as well as immunological and haematological changes.[1][2][3][4][5] Measurement of surgical stress is used in anaesthesia, physiology and surgery.
Analysis of the surgical stress response can be used for evaluation of surgical techniques and comparisons of different anaesthetic protocols. Moreover, they can be performed both in the intraoperative or postoperative period.
If there is a choice between different techniques for a surgical procedure, one method to evaluate and compare the surgical techniques is to subject one group of patients to one technique, and the other group of patients to another technique, after which the surgical stress responses triggered by the procedures are compared. Absent any other difference, the technique with the least surgical stress response is considered the best for the patient.[6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][excessive citations]
Similarly, a group of patients can be subjected to a surgical procedure where one anaesthetic protocol is used, and another group of patients are subjected to the same surgical procedure but with a different anaesthetic protocol. The anaesthetic protocol that yields the least stress response is considered the most suitable for that surgical procedure.[17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][excessive citations]
It is generally considered or hypothesized that a more invasive surgery, with extensive tissue trauma and noxious stimuli, triggers a more significant stress response.[30][31][32][33][34][35]
However, duration of surgery may affect the stress response which therefore may make comparisons of procedures that differ in time difficult.[36]
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^Yoder, B; Wolf JS, Jr (Mar 2005). "Canine model of surgical stress response comparing standard laparoscopic, microlaparoscopic, and hand-assisted laparoscopic nephrectomy". Urology. 65 (3): 600–3. doi:10.1016/j.urology.2004.10.021. PMID 15780400.
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Surgicalstress is the systemic response to surgical injury and is characterized by activation of the sympathetic nervous system, endocrine responses as...
Psychological stress, a feeling of strain and pressure Occupational stress, stress related to one's job Surgicalstress, systemic response to surgical injury...
surgery. The adjective surgical means pertaining to surgery; e.g. surgical instruments, surgical facility or surgical nurse. Most surgical procedures are performed...
secretagogue). Vasopressin concentration is used to measure surgicalstress for evaluation of surgical techniques. Plasma vasopressin concentration is elevated...
of surgical method and anesthetic technique aims to reduce risk of complications, shorten time needed for recovery and minimize the surgicalstress response...
Perioperative stress dose of steroids to mitigate this rare but potentially fatal complications of perioperative use of steroid such as full-blown adrenal...
Ben; Allen, Mike J.; Barnes, Mike R. (2003). "Outcome of Surgical Treatment of Medial Tibial Stress Syndrome". The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. American...
deficiency. The latter is more rare, and requires different surgical approaches. Stress incontinence in men is most commonly seen after prostate surgery...
shoulder. The lithotomy position is also known to cause stress on the lower extremities. A surgical fracture table is a table that is used for applying traction...
walled-off tophi due to minor physical damage to the joint, medical or surgicalstress, or rapid changes in uric acid levels. When they break through the...
study of stress. They measured the physiological responses of animals to external pressures, such as heat and cold, prolonged restraint, and surgical procedures...
vagina) Vaginal vault prolapse (descent of the roof of vagina) – after surgical removal of the uterus hysterectomy Pelvic organ prolapses are graded either...
net-like surgical tool that is used to treat pelvic organ prolapse (POP) and stress urinary incontinence (SUI) among female patients. The surgical mesh is...
Surgical mesh is a medical implant made of loosely woven mesh, which is used in surgery as either a permanent or temporary structural support for organs...
known as genitourinary surgery, is the branch of medicine that focuses on surgical and medical diseases of the urinary system and the reproductive organs...
A stress ulcer is a single or multiple mucosal defect usually caused by physiological (not psychological) stress which can become complicated by upper...
pp607-617. Holden-Lund C., Effects of relaxation with guided imagery on surgicalstress and wound healing. Research in Nursing and Health, Vol. 11, No. 4,...
A stress fracture is a fatigue-induced bone fracture caused by repeated stress over time. Instead of resulting from a single severe impact, stress fractures...
as 'fast-track surgery' or 'enhanced recovery programmes' may lower surgicalstress and improve recovery after gynaecological cancer surgery. Microinvasive...
Fasciotomy or fasciectomy is a surgical procedure where the fascia is cut to relieve tension or pressure in order to treat the resulting loss of circulation...
General anaesthesia is generally performed in an operating theater to allow surgical procedures that would otherwise be intolerably painful for a patient, or...
that specifically define stress hyperglycemia. One of the most sweeping changes in intensive care unit (ICU) and post-surgical care in recent years is...
posture, and probably emotion (anxiety, fear, and hostility) (including surgicalstress). Anxiety increases aldosterone, which must have evolved because of...
the artery, such as knife and bullet wounds, as a result of percutaneous surgical procedures such as coronary angiography or arterial grafting, or use of...
Wound dehiscence is a surgical complication in which a wound ruptures along a surgical incision. Risk factors include age, collagen disorder such as Ehlers–Danlos...
Drug Administration as a medical device similar to a surgical mask. These may also be labeled "Surgical N95", "medical respirators", or "healthcare respirators"...
The surgical sieve is a thought process in medicine. It is a typical example of how to organise a structured examination answer for medical students and...
ways of managing the condition. Gastrocnemius recession is another non-surgical method that involves stretching of the gastrocnemius muscle along with...