Overuse (long periods of standing), obesity, inward rolling of the foot[2][4]
Diagnostic method
Based on symptoms, ultrasound[2]
Differential diagnosis
Osteoarthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, heel pad syndrome, reactive arthritis[5][6]
Treatment
Conservative management[4][7]
Frequency
~4%[2][5]
Plantar fasciitis or plantar heel pain is a disorder of the plantar fascia, which is the connective tissue which supports the arch of the foot.[2] It results in pain in the heel and bottom of the foot that is usually most severe with the first steps of the day or following a period of rest.[2][4] Pain is also frequently brought on by bending the foot and toes up towards the shin.[3][4] The pain typically comes on gradually, and it affects both feet in about one-third of cases.[2][3]
The cause of plantar fasciitis is not entirely clear.[2] Risk factors include overuse, such as from long periods of standing, an increase in exercise, and obesity.[2][4] It is also associated with inward rolling of the foot, a tight Achilles tendon, and a sedentary lifestyle.[2][4] It is unclear if heel spurs have a role in causing plantar fasciitis even though they are commonly present in people who have the condition.[2] Plantar fasciitis is a disorder of the insertion site of the ligament on the bone characterized by micro tears, breakdown of collagen, and scarring.[2] Since inflammation plays either a lesser or no role, a review proposed it be renamed plantar fasciosis.[2][8] The presentation of the symptoms is generally the basis for diagnosis; with ultrasound sometimes being useful if there is uncertainty.[2] Other conditions with similar symptoms include osteoarthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, heel pad syndrome, and reactive arthritis.[5][6]
Most cases of plantar fasciitis resolve with time and conservative methods of treatment.[4][7] For the first few weeks, those affected are usually advised to rest, change their activities, take pain medications, and stretch.[4] If this is not sufficient, physiotherapy, orthotics, splinting, or steroid injections may be options.[4] If these measures are not effective, additional measures may include extracorporeal shockwave therapy or surgery.[4]
Between 4% and 7% of the general population has heel pain at any given time: about 80% of these are due to plantar fasciitis.[2][5] Approximately 10% of people have the disorder at some point during their life.[9] It becomes more common with age.[2] It is unclear if one sex is more affected than the other.[2]
^Cite error: The named reference Toronto_2017 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ abcdefghijklmnopqrBeeson P (September 2014). "Plantar fasciopathy: revisiting the risk factors" (PDF). Foot and Ankle Surgery. 20 (3): 160–165. doi:10.1016/j.fas.2014.03.003. PMID 25103701.
^ abcCite error: The named reference Rosenbaum_2014 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ abcdefghijGoff JD, Crawford R (September 2011). "Diagnosis and treatment of plantar fasciitis". American Family Physician. 84 (6): 676–682. PMID 21916393.
^ abcdCutts S, Obi N, Pasapula C, Chan W (November 2012). "Plantar fasciitis". Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons of England. 94 (8): 539–542. doi:10.1308/003588412X13171221592456. PMC 3954277. PMID 23131221.
^ abTu P, Bytomski JR (October 2011). "Diagnosis of heel pain". American Family Physician. 84 (8): 909–916. PMID 22010770.
^ abTahririan MA, Motififard M, Tahmasebi MN, Siavashi B (August 2012). "Plantar fasciitis". Journal of Research in Medical Sciences. 17 (8): 799–804. PMC 3687890. PMID 23798950.
^Lareau CR, Sawyer GA, Wang JH, DiGiovanni CW (June 2014). "Plantar and medial heel pain: diagnosis and management". The Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. 22 (6): 372–380. doi:10.5435/JAAOS-22-06-372. PMID 24860133. S2CID 43241954.
^Zhiyun L, Tao J, Zengwu S (July 2013). "Meta-analysis of high-energy extracorporeal shock wave therapy in recalcitrant plantar fasciitis". Swiss Medical Weekly. 143: w13825. doi:10.4414/smw.2013.13825. PMID 23832373.
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the central plantar heel area. It is sometimes called 'Policeman's heel'. It sometimes was, and should not be, confused with plantarfasciitis, which is...
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athlete's foot, bunions, ingrown toenails, Morton's neuroma, plantarfasciitis, plantar warts, and stress fractures. In addition, there are several genetic...
Hawks, he was ruled out for the start of the regular season with plantarfasciitis in his left foot. He subsequently missed the first ten games of the...
feet, and may be effective for people with rheumatoid arthritis, plantarfasciitis, first metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint pain or hallux valgus (bunions)...
skin which may cause painful cracks in the heel and sole of the foot Plantarfasciitis "policeman's heel" disorder High-heeled footwear fashion Squatting...
(inflammation of the Achilles tendon where it inserts into the bone) or plantarfasciitis in the sole of the foot. Along with the above-noted pain and inflammation...
Zimmerman was on the disabled list from June 11 to July 28 with plantarfasciitis, which was the first of 3 times in his career that he would be placed...
inverts or rolls outward. High arches can also cause plantarfasciitis as they cause the plantar fascia to be stretched away from the calcaneus or heel...
college, he suffered multiple concussions, a torn ACL, and a bout of plantarfasciitis. He was not drafted out of college due to injuries and off-the-field...
many purposes, including daily wear comfort, height enhancement, plantarfasciitis treatment, arch support, foot and joint pain relief from arthritis...
sometimes known as a "cryoburn". Achilles tendinitis Dermatitis Plantarfasciitis Repetitive strain injury Rotator cuff Sprain Strain (injury) Tennis...
54-yard touchdown to Hakeem Nicks. It was discovered that Manning had plantarfasciitis (inflammation of connective tissue within the soles of the feet) and...
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