Small nuclear RNA (snRNA) is a class of small RNA molecules that are found within the splicing speckles and Cajal bodies of the cell nucleus in eukaryotic cells. The length of an average snRNA is approximately 150 nucleotides. They are transcribed by either RNA polymerase II or RNA polymerase III.[1] Their primary function is in the processing of pre-messenger RNA (hnRNA) in the nucleus. They have also been shown to aid in the regulation of transcription factors (7SK RNA) or RNA polymerase II (B2 RNA), and maintaining the telomeres.
snRNA are always associated with a set of specific proteins, and the complexes are referred to as small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNP, often pronounced "snurps"). Each snRNP particle is composed of a snRNA component and several snRNP-specific proteins (including Sm proteins, a family of nuclear proteins). The most common human snRNA components of these complexes are known, respectively, as: U1 spliceosomal RNA, U2 spliceosomal RNA, U4 spliceosomal RNA, U5 spliceosomal RNA, and U6 spliceosomal RNA. Their nomenclature derives from their high uridine content.
snRNAs were discovered by accident during a gel electrophoresis experiment in 1966.[2] An unexpected type of RNA was found in the gel and investigated. Later analysis has shown that these RNA were high in uridylate and were established in the nucleus.
snRNAs and small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) are not the same and neither is a subtype of the other. Both are different and are a class under small RNAs. These are small RNA molecules that play an essential role in RNA biogenesis and guide chemical modifications of ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs) and other RNA genes (tRNA and snRNAs). They are located in the nucleolus and the Cajal bodies of eukaryotic cells (the major sites of RNA synthesis), where they are called scaRNAs (small Cajal body-specific RNAs).
^Henry RW, Mittal V, Ma B, Kobayashi R, Hernandez N (1998). "SNAP19 mediates the assembly of a functional core promoter complex (SNAPc) shared by RNA polymerases II and III". Genes & Development. 12 (17): 2664–2672. doi:10.1101/gad.12.17.2664. PMC 317148. PMID 9732265.
^Hadjiolov AA, Venkov PV, Tsanev RG (November 1966). "Ribonucleic acids fractionation by density-gradient centrifugation and by agar gel electrophoresis: a comparison". Analytical Biochemistry. 17 (2): 263–267. doi:10.1016/0003-2697(66)90204-1. PMID 5339429.
SmallnuclearRNA (snRNA) is a class of smallRNA molecules that are found within the splicing speckles and Cajal bodies of the cell nucleus in eukaryotic...
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(pronounced "snurps"), or smallnuclear ribonucleoproteins, are RNA-protein complexes that combine with unmodified pre-mRNA and various other proteins...
messenger RNA (mRNA). It works by removing all the introns (non-coding regions of RNA) and splicing back together exons (coding regions). For nuclear-encoded...
U1 spliceosomal RNA is the smallnuclearRNA (snRNA) component of U1 snRNP (smallnuclear ribonucleoprotein), an RNA-protein complex that combines with...
euchromatin. RNA is subdivided into many categories, including messenger RNA (mRNA), ribosomal RNA (rRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), and...
The U7 smallnuclearRNA (U7 snRNA) is an RNA molecule and a component of the smallnuclear ribonucleoprotein complex (U7 snRNP). The U7 snRNA is required...
RNA polymerase II (RNAP II and Pol II) is a multiprotein complex that transcribes DNA into precursors of messenger RNA (mRNA) and most smallnuclear RNA...
assembled from smallnuclearRNAs (snRNA) and numerous proteins. SmallnuclearRNA (snRNA) molecules bind to specific proteins to form a smallnuclear ribonucleoprotein...
roles relating to RNA processing, specifically small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) and smallnuclearRNA (snRNA) maturation, and histone mRNA modification. Similar...
U5 snRNA is a smallnuclearRNA (snRNA) that participates in RNA splicing as a component of the spliceosome. It forms the U5 snRNP (smallnuclear ribonucleoprotein)...
U6 snRNA is the non-coding smallnuclearRNA (snRNA) component of U6 snRNP (smallnuclear ribonucleoprotein), an RNA-protein complex that combines with...
maintenance and function {https://doi.org/10.1038/s41375-020-01116-x }. U2 smallnuclearRNA auxiliary factor 1 has been shown to interact with: ASF/SF2, NXF1...
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U2 spliceosomal snRNAs are a species of smallnuclearRNA (snRNA) molecules found in the major spliceosomal (Sm) machinery of virtually all eukaryotic...
small nuclearRNAs (snRNAs). This type of modifying RNA is usually located in the nucleolus of the eukaryotic cell which is a major site of snRNA biogenesis...
for the different types of RNA are listed and explained. List of cis-regulatory RNA elements RNA: Types of RNA Non-coding RNA Gribaldo S, Brochier-Armanet...
small nuclearRNAs (snRNAs). This type of modifying RNA is usually located in the nucleolus of the eukaryotic cell which is a major site of snRNA biogenesis...
small nuclearRNAs (snRNAs). This type of modifying RNA is usually located in the nucleolus of the eukaryotic cell which is a major site of snRNA biogenesis...
Ribosomal RNA is transcribed from ribosomal DNA (rDNA) and then bound to ribosomal proteins to form small and large ribosome subunits. rRNA is the physical...
U12 minor spliceosomal RNA is formed from U12 smallnuclear (snRNA), together with U4atac/U6atac, U5, and U11 snRNAs and associated proteins, forms a...
RNA primary transcripts into biologically active RNA molecules. SmallnuclearRNA molecules (snRNAs) were identified in the eukaryotic nucleus using immunological...
heterogeneous nuclearRNA (hnRNA). Once pre-mRNA has been completely processed, it is termed "mature messenger RNA", or simply "messenger RNA". The term hnRNA is...
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