Pass in the Great Wall of China in Qinhuangdao, Hebei province
"Shanhaiguan" redirects here. For the administrative district, see Shanhaiguan District.
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Shanhai Guan
Old Dragon's Head (老龙头), part of Shanhai Pass, is where the Great Wall meets the Bohai Sea
The "First Pass Under Heaven" plaque on Shanhaiguan's main gate
Shanhai Pass or Shanhaiguan (simplified Chinese: 山海关; traditional Chinese: 山海關; pinyin: Shānhǎi Guān) is one of the major passes in the Great Wall of China, being the easternmost stronghold along the Ming Great Wall that commands the narrowest choke point in the strategic Liaoxi Corridor, a crucial coastal landway between the North and Northeast China. It is located in Shanhaiguan District, Qinhuangdao, Hebei province, on the east bank of the Shi River between the Yan Mountains and the Liaodong Bay coast.
In 1961, the pass was selected as the Major Historical and Cultural Site Protected at the National Level by the State Council of China,[1] and it was listed as part of the Great Wall as a World Heritage Site by the UNESCO in 1987.[2]
The pass is a popular tourist destination at the eastern terminal point of the Ming dynasty Great Wall. The location where the wall meets the Bohai Sea is nicknamed "Old Dragon's Head" (老龙头).[3] The pass lies nearly 300 kilometres (190 mi) east of Beijing and is linked via the Jingshen Expressway that runs northeastward to Shenyang.
Throughout Chinese history, the pass served as a frontline defensive outpost against ethnic groups from Northeast China (Manchuria), including the Khitan and Jurchen (Manchus). Shanhai Pass is the starting point of the eastern end of the Great Wall, and is the first barrier for guarding the frontier, therefore it is called the "First Pass Under Heaven" (天下第一关).[4]
^China Cultural Heritage, Issues 1–6. China Cultural Heritage Magazine Agency. 2009. pp. 93–.
^Science and Technology Achievements in History of China. Foreign Languages Press. 2018. pp. 155–. ISBN 978-7-119-06386-7.
^"Old Dragon's Head – where the Great Wall of China meets the sea". The Times of India. Sep 8, 2014.
^Editorial Department of Zhonghua Book Company (2018). Chinese Ancient Culture Common Sense for Elementary School Students. Zhonghua Book Company. pp. 88–. ISBN 978-7-101-13020-1.
ShanhaiPass or Shanhaiguan (simplified Chinese: 山海关; traditional Chinese: 山海關; pinyin: Shānhǎi Guān) is one of the major passes in the Great Wall of China...
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his allegiance to the Qing. Li Zicheng was defeated at the Battle of ShanhaiPass by the joint forces of Wu Sangui and Manchu prince Dorgon. On 6 June...
Qing dynasties. In 1644, Wu was a Ming general in charge of garrisoning ShanhaiPass, the strategic choke point between Manchuria and Beijing. After learning...
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the Ming walls measure 8,850 km (5,500 mi) from Jiayu Pass in the west to the sea in ShanhaiPass, then looping over to terminate in Manchuria at the Hushan...
the Inner Mongolian deserts (in order to bypass the Ming garrisons of ShanhaiPass, Ningyuan, and Jinzhou along the Bohai littoral) made it difficult for...
south from his fortress at Ningyuan to ShanhaiPass. It was too late, however, and Wu would not reach ShanhaiPass until 26 April. Word reached Beijing...
of Jiayuguan in Gansu province. Along with Juyong Pass and ShanhaiPass, it is one of the main passes of the Great Wall. In the Ming period, foreign merchants...
they bypassed Jinzhou, Ningyuan and ShanhaiPass altogether. They broke through the Great Wall west of ShanhaiPass and reached the north of Beijing in...
military control, and in late May 1644 he was defeated at the Battle of ShanhaiPass by the joint forces of Ming general Wu Sangui who defected to the Qing...
committed suicide. The Ming general Wu Sangui then opened the gates of the ShanhaiPass in the eastern section of the Great Wall to the Qing banners, in hope...
Hebei. The range rises between the Chaobai River on the west and the ShanhaiPass on the east. It consists mostly of limestone, granite, and basalt. Its...
of the Shun army in the Battle of ShanhaiPass just a day later, the Manchus successfully entered the ShanhaiPass to establish the Qing dynasty in China...
translates to "east of (Shanhai) Pass" (Manchuria was separated from the rest of China by the Great Wall, and ShanhaiPass was the main pass used to travel between...
change it. At the same time, Hong Taiji conquered the territory north of Shanhaipass by Ming Dynasty and Ligdan Khan in Inner Mongolia. He won one of the...
5A accreditation due to deficiencies in visitor experience. In 2015, ShanhaiPass in Hebei was the first tourist site to be downgraded from 5A. The next...
strategic position. In April, the Fengtian Army marched through the ShanhaiPass with the intention of occupying Hebei. Zhang Jinghui was in overall command...
Dorgon and Beijing was Ming general Wu Sangui, who was garrisoned at ShanhaiPass at the eastern end of the Great Wall. Himself caught between the Manchus...
Dorgon and Beijing was Wu Sangui, a former Ming general guarding the ShanhaiPass at the eastern end of the Great Wall. Wu Sangui was caught between the...
a historical name for Manchuria, literally translating to "east of (Shanhai) Pass" The Guandong Peninsula, meaning the Liaodong Peninsula, a peninsula...
literally means "east of the pass", and similarly Guanwai (關外; 关外; Guānwài; 'outside the pass'), a reference to ShanhaiPass in Qinhuangdao in today's Hebei...
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