This article is about the battle in 1644. For the battle during the Boxer Rebellion, see Battle of Shanhaiguan (1900). For the 1933 Battle of Shanhai Pass, see Defense of the Great Wall.
Wu Sangui: about 100,000 men, including tens of thousands from local militia[2]
Disputed: between 60,000 and 100,000 men[3]
Casualties and losses
Unknown
Unknown
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t
e
Ming−Qing transition
Belligerents
Ming
Southern Ming
Tungning
Qing
Later Jin
Peasant rebellions
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Xi
She–An Rebellion
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Fushun
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Kaiyuan
Tieling
Xicheng
Chahar
Shen-Liao
Zhenjiang
Guangning
Ningyuan
Ning-Jin
Jisi
Dalinghe
Wuqiao
Lüshun
Amur
Song-Jin
Beijing
Shanhai Pass
Penghu
Related
Manchuria under Ming rule
Jurchen unification
1st invasion of Joseon
2nd invasion of Joseon
Seven Grievances
Revolt of the Three Feudatories
Great Plague
Great Clearance
An old Chinese illustration of Battle of Shanhai Pass
The Battle of Shanhai Pass, fought on May 27, 1644 at Shanhai Pass at the eastern end of the Great Wall, was a decisive battle leading to the beginning of the Qing dynasty rule in China proper. There, the Qing prince-regent Dorgon allied with former Ming general Wu Sangui to defeat rebel leader Li Zicheng of the Shun dynasty, allowing Dorgon and the Qing army to rapidly conquer Beijing.
^C. Cao, 1644: Showdown At Shanhaiguan, 10. Archived May 16, 2008, at the Wayback Machine
^Frederic Wakeman claims that Wu's army counted about 50,000, and that he mustered about 50,000 militia troops in addition (Wakeman 1985, p. 296, note 213). Frederick Mote states instead that Wu's garrison in Ningyuan numbered up to 80,000 men, who were later joined by 20,000 to 30,000 local braves (Mote 1999, pp. 808 [Ningyuan troops] and 817 [militia]).
^60,000: Wakeman 1985, p. 296. 100,000: Mote 1999, p. 816.
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