Variable associated with an increased risk of disease or infection
This article is about the concept in epidemiology. For other uses, see Risk factor (disambiguation).
This article needs attention from an expert in medicine. The specific problem is: defining, "determinant," a complicated, poorly harmonized concept in medicine. Some sources use the term loosely while others use it as a technical term.. WikiProject Medicine may be able to help recruit an expert.(July 2019)
In epidemiology, a risk factor or determinant is a variable associated with an increased risk of disease or infection.[1]: 38
Due to a lack of harmonization across disciplines, determinant, in its more widely accepted scientific meaning, is often used as a synonym. The main difference lies in the realm of practice: medicine (clinical practice) versus public health. As an example from clinical practice, low ingestion of dietary sources of vitamin C is a known risk factor for developing scurvy. Specific to public health policy, a determinant is a health risk that is general, abstract, related to inequalities, and difficult for an individual to control.[2][3][4] For example, poverty is known to be a determinant of an individual's standard of health.
Risk factors may be used to identify high-risk people.
^Parritz, Robin Hornik (2017-05-24). Disorders of childhood : development and psychopathology. Troy, Michael F. (Michael Francis) (Third ed.). Boston, MA. ISBN 9781337098113. OCLC 960031712.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
^Improving Health in the Community: A Role for Performance Monitoring: 2. Understanding Health and Its Determinants: A Model of the Determinants of Health. National Academy of Sciences: National Academies Press: Institute of Medicine (US) Committee on Using Performance Monitoring to Improve Community Health. 1997. ISBN 978-0309055345. Unlike a biomedical model that views health as the absence of disease, this dynamic framework includes functional capacity and well-being as health outcomes of interest. It also presents the behavioral and biologic responses of individuals as factors that influence health but are themselves influenced by social, physical, and genetic factors that are beyond the control of the individual.
^"Health Impact Assessment (HIA): Glossary of terms used". World Health Organization. Retrieved July 20, 2019.
^"Health Impact Assessment (HIA): The determinants of health". World Health Organization. Archived from the original on May 30, 2004. Retrieved July 20, 2019.
In epidemiology, a riskfactor or determinant is a variable associated with an increased risk of disease or infection.: 38 Due to a lack of harmonization...
involves improving riskfactors through: healthy eating, exercise, avoidance of tobacco smoke and limiting alcohol intake. Treating riskfactors, such as high...
assessment of riskfactors for genocide is an upstream mechanism for genocide prevention. The goal is to apply an assessment of riskfactors to improve the...
(including alcoholism and the use of and withdrawal from benzodiazepines) are riskfactors. Some suicides are impulsive acts due to stress (such as from financial...
financial costs to health care systems. The risk of having osteoporosis includes age and sex. Riskfactors include both nonmodifiable (for example, age...
with vulnerability factors. Riskfactors of schizophrenia have been identified and include genetic factors, environmental factors such as experiences...
original on 3 April 2024. Retrieved 3 April 2024. "Non-Communicable Disease RiskFactor Survey Bangladesh" (PDF). World Health Organization. 2010. p. 120. Archived...
or not). A meta-analysis showed that a high level of neuroticism is a riskfactor for development of anxiety symptoms and disorders. Such anxiety may be...
Although the causes listed correlate to the risk of developing ASPD, it is imperative to note that one factor alone is unlikely to be the only cause associated...
Framingham Risk Score is a sex-specific algorithm used to estimate the 10-year cardiovascular risk of an individual. The Framingham Risk Score was first...
physical activity. Dietary factors that increase the risk include red meat, processed meat, and alcohol. Another riskfactor is inflammatory bowel disease...
used cognitive test is the mini–mental state examination. The greatest riskfactor for developing dementia is aging, however dementia is not a normal part...
compare the risk of an adverse outcome when receiving a medical treatment versus no treatment (or placebo), or for environmental riskfactors. For example...
unknown. A combination of genetic factors and environmental (non-inherited) factors are believed to play a role. Riskfactors include smoking, ionizing radiation...
and loss of bladder control. The biggest riskfactor for stroke is high blood pressure. Other riskfactors include high blood cholesterol, tobacco smoking...
suicide. 35% of recorded suicides in India occur in this age group. Riskfactors and methods of youth suicide differ from those in other age groups. Recorded...
anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). The role of a low fiber diet as a riskfactor is unclear. Having pouches in the large intestine that are not inflamed...
most of these develop thrombosis only in the presence of an additional riskfactor. There is no specific treatment for most thrombophilias, but recurrent...
of atherosclerosis is unknown and is proposed to be multifactorial. Riskfactors include abnormal cholesterol levels, elevated levels of inflammatory...
support this. In juveniles, an arachnoid cyst is a riskfactor for subdural hematoma. Other riskfactors include taking blood thinners (anticoagulants),...
to be established. A meta-analysis concluded gas stoves are a major riskfactor for asthma, finding around one in eight cases in the U.S. could be attributed...
valvular heart disease are the most common modifiable riskfactors for AF. Other heart-related riskfactors include heart failure, coronary artery disease,...
older age. Other riskfactors include hormone therapy after menopause, fertility medication, and obesity. Factors that decrease risk include hormonal...
delivery. Complications for the baby may include fetal growth restriction. Riskfactors include pregnancy at an older age and smoking as well as prior cesarean...
reflux. Tobacco is a riskfactor for both types. Both types are more common in people over 60 years of age. The two major riskfactors for esophageal squamous-cell...
with PAD do not have symptoms. The greatest riskfactor for PAD is cigarette smoking. Other riskfactors include diabetes, high blood pressure, kidney...
assesses mortality and disability from major diseases, injuries, and riskfactors. GBD is a collaboration of over 3600 researchers from 145 countries....
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