RNA polymerase IV (RNAP IV) is an enzyme that synthesizes small interfering RNA (siRNA) in plants, which silence gene expression.[1][2][3] RNAP IV belongs to a family of enzymes that catalyze the process of transcription known as RNA Polymerases, which synthesize RNA from DNA templates.[4] Discovered via phylogenetic studies of land plants, genes of RNAP IV are thought to have resulted from multistep evolution processes that occurred in RNA Polymerase II phylogenies.[5] Such an evolutionary pathway is supported by the fact that RNAP IV is composed of 12 protein subunits that are either similar or identical to RNA polymerase II, and is specific to plant genomes.[6] Via its synthesis of siRNA, RNAP IV is involved in regulation of heterochromatin formation in a process known as RNA directed DNA Methylation (RdDM).[1][2]
^ abHerr, A. J.; Jensen, M. B.; Dalmay, T.; Baulcombe, D. C. (2005-04-01). "RNA polymerase IV directs silencing of endogenous DNA". Science. 308 (5718): 118–120. Bibcode:2005Sci...308..118H. doi:10.1126/science.1106910. ISSN 1095-9203. PMID 15692015. S2CID 206507767.
^ abOnodera, Yasuyuki; Haag, Jeremy R.; Ream, Thomas; Costa Nunes, Pedro; Pontes, Olga; Pikaard, Craig S. (2005-03-11). "Plant nuclear RNA polymerase IV mediates siRNA and DNA methylation-dependent heterochromatin formation". Cell. 120 (5): 613–622. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2005.02.007. ISSN 0092-8674. PMID 15766525. S2CID 1695604.
^Phillips, Theresa. "siRNA and How It Is Used in Molecular Genetics Research". ThoughtCo. Retrieved 2020-12-01.
^Editors, B. D. (2016-11-10). "RNA Polymerase". Biology Dictionary. Retrieved 2020-12-01. {{cite web}}: |last= has generic name (help)
^Luo, Jie; Hall, Benjamin D. (2007). "A multistep process gave rise to RNA polymerase IV of land plants". Journal of Molecular Evolution. 64 (1): 101–112. Bibcode:2007JMolE..64..101L. doi:10.1007/s00239-006-0093-z. ISSN 0022-2844. PMID 17160640. S2CID 37590716.
^Ream, Thomas S.; Haag, Jeremy R.; Wierzbicki, Andrzej T.; Nicora, Carrie D.; Norbeck, Angela D.; Zhu, Jian-Kang; Hagen, Gretchen; Guilfoyle, Thomas J.; Pasa-Tolić, Ljiljana; Pikaard, Craig S. (2009-01-30). "Subunit compositions of the RNA-silencing enzymes Pol IV and Pol V reveal their origins as specialized forms of RNA polymerase II". Molecular Cell. 33 (2): 192–203. doi:10.1016/j.molcel.2008.12.015. ISSN 1097-4164. PMC 2946823. PMID 19110459.
RNApolymeraseIV (RNAP IV) is an enzyme that synthesizes small interfering RNA (siRNA) in plants, which silence gene expression. RNAP IV belongs to a...
In molecular biology, RNApolymerase (abbreviated RNAP or RNApol), or more specifically DNA-directed/dependent RNApolymerase (DdRP), is an enzyme that...
DNA polymeraseIV (DinB) and DNA polymerase V (UmuD'2C) - SOS repair polymerases; Pol η, ι, κ Reverse transcriptase (RT; RNA-directed DNA polymerase; RdDP)...
interfering RNA (siRNA). Together with RNApolymeraseIV (Pol IV), Pol V is involved in an siRNA-dependent epigenetic pathway known as RNA-directed DNA...
contrast, RNApolymerases synthesize RNA from ribonucleotides from either RNA or DNA.[citation needed] When synthesizing new DNA, DNA polymerase can add...
novo, an RNA primer, complementary to part of the single-stranded DNA, is synthesized by primase (an RNApolymerase):[citation needed] ("!" for RNA, '"$"...
RNA viruses encoding an RNA-directed RNApolymerase are believed to form a monophyletic group, known as the realm Riboviria. The majority of such RNA...
that a radioactive polymer of DNA, not RNA, could be retrieved. To initiate the purification of DNA polymerase, the researchers added streptomycin sulfate...
synthesis of pre-RNA. This requires the presence of all three RNApolymerases. In fact, the transcription of pre-RNA by RNApolymerase I accounts for about...
ribozyme performs self-cleavage and an RNApolymerase ribozyme can synthesize a short RNA strand from a primed RNA template. Among the enzymatic properties...
the dsRNA source, which precursor for DCL3 is generally transcribed in heterochromatic regions by the RNApolymerase complex, RNApolymeraseIV, producing...
RNApolymerase II. The 5' cap is therefore specific to RNAs synthesized by this polymerase rather than those synthesized by RNApolymerase I or RNA polymerase...
"Structure-Function Insights Into the RNA-Dependent RNAPolymerase of the dsRNA Bacteriophage Φ6". Segmented Double-stranded RNA Viruses: Structure and Molecular...
routes of RNA degradation is performed by the multi-protein exosome complex, which consists largely of 3′ to 5′ exoribonucleases. RNApolymerase II is known...
phosphoprotein (P), matrix protein (M), glycoprotein (G) and the viral RNApolymerase (L). The complete genome sequences range from 11,615 to 11,966 nt in...
CPSF is in contact with RNApolymerase II, allowing it to signal the polymerase to terminate transcription. When RNApolymerase II reaches a "termination...
that use a homologous RNA-dependent polymerase for replication. It includes RNA viruses that encode an RNA-dependent RNApolymerase, as well as reverse-transcribing...
(the RNApolymerase). Genomic RNAs of picornaviruses possess multiple RNA elements, and they are required for both negative- and positive-strand RNA synthesis...
organ. RNA Viruses: The polymerase of RNA viruses lacks the proofreading functions found in the polymerase of DNA viruses. This contributed to RNA viruses...
steps through an RNA-based mechanism. They require RNApolymerase II, a host cell enzyme normally associated with synthesis of messenger RNA from DNA, which...
Recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) is a single tube, isothermal alternative to the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). By adding a reverse transcriptase...
The first operon codes for various products, including a special T7 RNApolymerase which can bind to and transcribe the second operon. The second operon...
(RNA), including genes which encode an RNA-dependent RNApolymerase (RdRp). The RdRp is used to transcribe the viral RNA genome into messenger RNA (mRNA)...
Wu B, White KA (December 2007). "Uncoupling RNA virus replication from transcription via the polymerase: functional and evolutionary insights". The EMBO...
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