Part of Korean–Jurchen conflicts, Ming-Qing transition
Date
9 December 1636 – 30 January 1637
Location
Northern Korean Peninsula
Result
Qing victory
Belligerents
Joseon dynasty Ming dynasty
Qing dynasty
Commanders and leaders
Im Gyeong-eop Shin Gyeong-won Hong Myeong-gu † Kim Jun-yong Min Yeong † Shen Shikui †
Hong Taiji Dorgon Ajige Dodo Hooge Oboi Kong Youde Geng Zhongming Shang Kexi Shi Tingzhu Inggūldai
Strength
80,000–90,000[citation needed]
100,000[1]
Casualties and losses
Unknown
Unknown
v
t
e
Ming−Qing transition
Belligerents
Ming
Southern Ming
Tungning
Qing
Later Jin
Peasant rebellions
Shun
Xi
She–An Rebellion
Battles
Fushun
Qinghe
Sarhū
Kaiyuan
Tieling
Xicheng
Chahar
Shen-Liao
Zhenjiang
Guangning
Ningyuan
Ning-Jin
Jisi
Dalinghe
Wuqiao
Lüshun
Amur
Song-Jin
Beijing
Shanhai Pass
Penghu
Related
Manchuria under Ming rule
Jurchen unification
1st invasion of Joseon
2nd invasion of Joseon
Seven Grievances
Revolt of the Three Feudatories
Great Plague
Great Clearance
Korean name
Hangul
병자호란
Hanja
丙子胡亂
Revised Romanization
Byeongja Horan
McCune–Reischauer
Pyŏngcha Horan
The Qing invasion of Joseon (Korean: 병자호란; Hanja: 丙子胡亂) occurred in the winter of 1636 when the newly established Qing dynasty invaded the Joseon dynasty, establishing the former's status as the hegemon in the Imperial Chinese Tributary System and formally severing Joseon's relationship with the Ming dynasty. The invasion was preceded by the Later Jin invasion of Joseon in 1627.
The invasion resulted in a Qing victory. Joseon was forced to establish a tributary relationship with the Qing Empire, as well as cut ties with the declining Ming. The crown prince of Joseon along with his younger brother were taken as hostages, but they came back to Joseon after a few years. One of the two later became the King Hyojong. He is best known for his plan for an expedition to the Qing dynasty.
^Kang 2013, p. 151.
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