Protein which after translation is cleaved into one or more smaller proteins
A protein precursor, also called a pro-protein or pro-peptide, is an inactive protein (or peptide) that can be turned into an active form by post-translational modification, such as breaking off a piece of the molecule or adding on another molecule. The name of the precursor for a protein is often prefixed by pro-. Examples include proinsulin and proopiomelanocortin, which are both prohormones.
Protein precursors are often used by an organism when the subsequent protein is potentially harmful, but needs to be available on short notice and/or in large quantities. Enzyme precursors are called zymogens or proenzymes. Examples are enzymes of the digestive tract in humans.
Some protein precursors are secreted from the cell. Many of these are synthesized with an N-terminal signal peptide that targets them for secretion. Like other proteins that contain a signal peptide, their name is prefixed by pre. They are thus called pre-pro-proteins or pre-pro-peptides.[1] The signal peptide is cleaved off in the endoplasmic reticulum.[1] An example is preproinsulin.
Pro-sequences are areas in the protein that are essential for its correct folding, usually in the transition of a protein from an inactive to an active state. Pro-sequences may also be involved in pro-protein transport and secretion.[2]
Pro-domain (or prodomain) is the domain of a proprotein.
^ abAlberts, Bruce (2002). Molecular biology of the cell. New York: Garland Science. p. 760. ISBN 0-8153-3218-1.
^Eder J, Fersht AR (May 1995). "Pro-sequence-assisted protein folding". Mol. Microbiol. 16 (4): 609–14. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2958.1995.tb02423.x. PMID 7476156.
A proteinprecursor, also called a pro-protein or pro-peptide, is an inactive protein (or peptide) that can be turned into an active form by post-translational...
with Alzheimer's disease. The peptides derive from the amyloid-beta precursorprotein (APP), which is cleaved by beta secretase and gamma secretase to yield...
mutations in the precursorprotein.[medical citation needed] Other forms are due to different diseases causing overabundant or abnormal protein production –...
enzyme complex consists of factor Xa (a serine protease) and factor Va (a protein cofactor). The complex assembles on negatively charged phospholipid membranes...
protease cleaves viral precursorproteins pTP, pVI, pVII, pVIII, and IIIa to produce the mature viral proteins. Control protein E1A activates transcription...
synthesized proteinprecursors circulating in the blood. When stimulated by one of several triggers, proteases in the system cleave specific proteins to release...
(called an intein) is removed from a precursorprotein with a ligation of C-terminal and N-terminal external proteins (called exteins) on both sides. The...
endocrine tumours. The PPY gene encodes an unusually short proteinprecursor. This precursor is cleaved to produce pancreatic polypeptide, pancreatic icosapeptide...
amyloidosis is the misfolding of a specific proteinprecursor depending on the amyloidosis type. Proteinprecursors include immunoglobulin-derived light chains...
(plus) strand. The CCL2 gene has three exons and two introns. The CCL2 proteinprecursor contains a signal peptide of 23 amino acids. In turn, the mature CCL2...
the immune system. Other blood proteins act as enzymes, complement components, protease inhibitors or kinin precursors. Contrary to popular belief, haemoglobin...
units are post-translationally hydrolyzed from a large profilaggrin precursorprotein during terminal differentiation of epidermal cells. In humans, profilaggrin...
disulfide-linked heavy and light chains, both produced from a single proteinprecursor. Cathepsin D is an aspartic endo-protease that is ubiquitously distributed...
conversion of an inactive or non-functional protein to an active one. The precursor to the final functional form of protein is termed proprotein, and these proproteins...
gene. The P protein is believed to be an integral membrane protein involved in small molecule transport, specifically of tyrosine—a precursor of melanin...
(from Latin vitellus, yolk, and genero, I produce) is a precursor of egg yolk that transports protein and some lipid from the liver through the blood to the...
Protein biosynthesis (or protein synthesis) is a core biological process, occurring inside cells, balancing the loss of cellular proteins (via degradation...