Vitellogenin (VTG or less popularly known as VG) (from Latin vitellus, yolk, and genero, I produce) is a precursor of egg yolk that transports protein and some lipid from the liver through the blood to the growing oocytes where it becomes part of the yolk. Normally, it is only found in the blood or hemolymph of females, and can therefore be used as a biomarker in vertebrates of exposure to environmental estrogens which stimulate elevated levels in males as well as females.[1] "Vitellogenin" is a synonymous term for the gene and the expressed protein. The protein product is classified as a glycolipoprotein, having properties of a sugar, fat and protein. It belongs to a family of several lipid transport proteins.
Vitellogenin is an egg yolk precursor found in the females of nearly all oviparous species including fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, most invertebrates, and monotremes.[2] Vitellogenin is the precursor of the lipoproteins and phosphoproteins that make up most of the protein content of yolk. In the presence of estrogenic endocrine disruptive chemicals (EDCs), male fish can express the gene in a dose dependent manner. This gene expression in male fish can be used as a molecular marker of exposure to estrogenic EDCs.[3]
^"Definition of VITELLOGENIN".
^Robinson, Richard (18 March 2008). "For Mammals, Loss of Yolk and Gain of Milk Went Hand in Hand". PLOS Biology. 6 (3): e77. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.0060077. PMC 2267822. PMID 20076706.
^Tran, Thi Kim Anh; Yu, Richard Man Kit; Islam, Rafiquel; Nguyen, Thi Hong Tham; Bui, Thi Lien Ha; Kong, Richard Yuen Chong; O'Connor, Wayne A.; Leusch, Frederic D.L.; Andrew-Priestley, Megan; MacFarlane, Geoff R. (May 2019). "The utility of vitellogenin as a biomarker of estrogenic endocrine disrupting chemicals in molluscs". Environmental Pollution. 248: 1067–1078. doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2019.02.056. hdl:10072/386355. PMID 31091639. S2CID 92464394.
Vitellogenin (VTG or less popularly known as VG) (from Latin vitellus, yolk, and genero, I produce) is a precursor of egg yolk that transports protein...
heightened vitellogenin production in the liver. Vitellogenin production in the liver is the first step of vitellogenesis. Once Vitellogenins are released...
Once in the fat body they target and regulate mosquito genes such as vitellogenin, which is a yolk protein used for egg production. The phlebotomic action...
leads to an increase in plasma vitellogenin levels exceeding that of even mature female fathead minnows. Vitellogenin blood plasma levels are an indicator...
vitellogenin, but when exposed to nonylphenol they produce similar levels of vitellogenin to females. The concentration needed to induce vitellogenin...
some of these sub proteins are linked with egg allergies. Egg allergy Vitellogenin Vitellins at the U.S. National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings...
hours, levels on the female bursa copulatrix decrease dramatically. Vitellogenin (VG), an egg yolk precursor protein, is dependent on juvenile hormone...
Matsubara T, Sawaguchi S, Ohkubo N (2006). "Identification of two forms of vitellogenin-derived phosvitin and elucidation of their fate and roles during oocyte...
fish such that they produced a protein associated with egg maturation, vitellogenin, as well as early-stage eggs. In amphibians, exposure to EE can reduce...
and testicular histopathology, gonadal intersex, reduced gonad size, vitellogenin induction, and altered sex ratios. The sex ratios are female biased because...
VTG or Vtg may refer to: Vitellogenin (VTG) a type of protein Variable turbine geometry, in variable-geometry turbochargers Airline code for Aviação Transportes...
There is a complex interaction between JH, the hormone ecdysone and vitellogenin. In the development stage, as long as there is enough JH, the ecdysone...
blood proteins into free amino acids. These are used in the synthesis of vitellogenin, which in turn is made into egg yolk protein. Mosquitoes have a cosmopolitan...
about 315 million years ago during the Carboniferous. The presence of vitellogenin genes (a protein necessary for egg yolk formation) is shared with birds;...
aromatase as measured by aromatase mRNA induction; and no increase in vitellogenin, another marker of feminization." A 2007 study examined the relative...
quantities. Phosvitin’s structure (right) is adapted from the protein vitellogenin (Gene: VTG2; Uniprot: P02845; residues 1-1850) generated by AlphaFold...
occupy somatic stem cells as a stable reservoir and then use the host's vitellogenin transovarial transportation system to enter the oocyte. Once Wolbachia...
melanotheron (Pisces: Cichlidae): Changes in gonadal steroids and potential for vitellogenin transfer to larvae". Hormones and Behavior. 37 (1): 40–48. doi:10.1006/hbeh...
causes American foulbrood, has been demonstrated. The egg-yolk protein Vitellogenin (Vg) plays an important role in TGIP in honey bees, as it participates...
proteins, protease inhibitors, storage, lipid transport, enzymes, the vitellogenins, and those involved in the immune responses of arthropods. Some hemolymphic...
Bugel, S. M.; White, L. A.; Cooper, K. R. (22 Mar 2011). "Decreased vitellogenin inducibility and 17β-estradiol levels correlated with reduced egg production...
River, some longnose dace populations are characterized by elevated vitellogenin expression, female biased sex ratios and intersex gonads. Feminization...
may show signs of excess exposure to oestrogens. Substances such as vitellogenins have been identified in their blood at between four and six times the...
in the blood proteins seem to be necessary for the activation of the vitellogenin gene. The need to feed on blood before laying eggs is less remarkable...
M.; Li, J.; He, S.; Huang, J.; Wu, J. (2019). "Characterization of a Vitellogenin Receptor in the Bumblebee, Bombus lantschouensis (Hymenoptera, Apidae)"...
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