Region of Han dynasty suzerainty over previously independent states
Expansion of the Han dynasty into the Western Regions
Part of a series on the
History of Xinjiang
Ancient period
Tocharians
Yuezhi
Xiongnu
Western Regions
(Han Protectorate; Chief Officials)
Kingdom of Khotan
Former Liang
Former Qin
Later Liang
Western Liang
Gaochang
Rouran
First Turkic Khaganate
Western Turkic Khaganate
Eastern Turkic Khaganate
Second Turkic Khaganate
Medieval and early modern period
Tang Protectorates (West; Beiting)
Tibetan Empire
Uyghur Khaganate
Kara-Khanid Khanate
Kingdom of Qocho
Qara Khitai
Mongol Empire (Yuan; Chagatai Khanate)
Moghulistan (Turpan; Yarkent)
Ming ruled Kara Del
Dzungar Khanate
Kumul Khanate
Yettishar
Qing rule
(Dzungar genocide
Dungan Revolt
Qing reconquest)
Modern period
Xinjiang Province, Republic of China
(Xinjiang clique
1st East Turkestan Republic
2nd East Turkestan Republic)
Xinjiang Province, People's Republic of China
Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region
(Production and Construction Corps
Xinjiang conflict
Xinjiang internment camps / Persecution of Uyghurs in China)
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The Protectorate of the Western Regions (simplified Chinese: 西域都护府; traditional Chinese: 西域都護府; pinyin: Xīyù Dūhù Fǔ; Wade–Giles: Hsi1-yü4 Tu1-hu4 Fu3) was an imperial administration (a protectorate) situated in the Western Regions administered by Han dynasty China and its successors on and off from 59 or 60 BCE until the end of the Sixteen Kingdoms period in 439 AD.[1] The "Western Regions" refers to areas west of Yumen Pass, especially the Tarim Basin in southern Xinjiang. These areas would later be termed Altishahr (southern Xinjiang, excluding Dzungaria) by Turkic-speaking peoples.[2] The term "western regions" was also used by the Chinese more generally to refer to Central Asia.
The protectorate was the first direct rule by a Chinese government of the area.[2][3] It consisted of various vassal states and Han garrisons placed under the authority of a Protector-General of the Western Regions, who was appointed by the Han court.
^Tikhvinskiĭ, Sergeĭ Leonidovich; Perelomov, Leonard Sergeevich (1981). China and her neighbours, from ancient times to the Middle Ages: a collection of essays. Progress Publishers. p. 124. OCLC 8669104.
^ ab"Xiyu Duhu" Archived 2007-09-29 at the Wayback Machine
^Yu, Taishan (2003). A Comprehensive History of Western Regions (2nd ed.). Zhengzhou: Zhongzhou Guji Press. pp. 57–59. ISBN 7-5348-1266-6.
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