Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a rare and often fatal viral disease characterized by progressive damage (-pathy) or inflammation of the white matter (leuko-) of the brain (-encephalo-) at multiple locations (multifocal). It is caused by the JC virus, which is normally present and kept under control by the immune system. The JC virus is harmless except in cases of weakened immune systems. In general, PML has a mortality rate of 30–50% in the first few months, and those who survive can be left with varying degrees of neurological disabilities.
PML occurs almost exclusively in patients with severe immune deficiency, most commonly among patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), but people on chronic immunosuppressive medications including chemotherapy are also at increased risk of PML, such as patients with transplants, Hodgkin's lymphoma, multiple sclerosis, psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, and other autoimmune diseases.
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specifically to any of these diseases: Progressivemultifocalleukoencephalopathy Toxic leukoencephalopathyLeukoencephalopathy with brainstem and spinal cord...
the two initials of a patient, John Cunningham, with progressivemultifocalleukoencephalopathy (PML). The virus causes PML and other diseases only in...
reactivation of hepatitis B in those previously infected, progressivemultifocalleukoencephalopathy, toxic epidermal necrolysis, and death. It is unclear...
linked with three cases of the rare neurological condition progressivemultifocalleukoencephalopathy (PML) when administered in combination with interferon...
on its packaging due to increased risk of developing progressivemultifocalleukoencephalopathy (PML). Tysabri was pulled from the market in 2004, shortly...
headaches and confusion. Further tests revealed he had progressivemultifocalleukoencephalopathy (PML), a very rare and usually fatal viral inflammation...
serious side effects include an increased risk of cancer, progressivemultifocalleukoencephalopathy, anemia, and gastrointestinal bleeding. Use during pregnancy...
polyomavirus 2 (also known as JC virus) is known to cause progressivemultifocalleukoencephalopathy (PML). Human herpesvirus 8 (also known as Kaposi sarcoma-associated...
non-renal solid organ transplant patients, JC virus with progressivemultifocalleukoencephalopathy, and Merkel cell virus with Merkel cell cancer. Polyomaviruses...
verbal behaviors in free conversation with a person with progressivemultifocalleukoencephalopathy. pp. 5, 8. ISBN 978-0-549-62729-6. Van Borsel J, Tetnowski...
sepsis, viral meningitis, invasive fungal disease and progressivemultifocalleukoencephalopathy (PML), a brain infection caused by reactivation of latent...
disease and sometimes a demyelinating disease similar to progressivemultifocalleukoencephalopathy. In other species, particularly hamsters, SV40 causes...
drug. In June 2010, the first case report appeared of a progressivemultifocalleukoencephalopathy being successfully treated with mefloquine. Mefloquine...
Hospital, London where he died of Pneumocystis pneumonia and progressivemultifocalleukoencephalopathy on 4 July 1982. Martyn Butler, Rupert Whitaker and Tony...
2009, voluntary U.S. market withdrawal after reports of progressivemultifocalleukoencephalopathy. 2004: Avastin (bevacizumab): Anti-VEGF monoclonal antibody...
acute myeloid leukemia (0.8%) from mitoxantrone, and progressivemultifocalleukoencephalopathy occurring with natalizumab (occurring in 1 in 600 people...
international concern about Tysabri and its effects with the progressivemultifocalleukoencephalopathy (PML) brain condition. Biogen is one of the drug's producers...
was responsible for the events. At least three cases of progressivemultifocalleukoencephalopathy had also occurred as of 2015. Fingolimod has also been...
DR (2008). "Pseudobulbar palsy and affect in a case of progressivemultifocalleukoencephalopathy". The Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences...
susceptible to infection by the JC virus, which causes progressivemultifocalleukoencephalopathy (PML), a condition that specifically affects white matter...
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