A term to describe all brain white matter diseases
Leukoencephalopathy (leukodystrophy-like diseases) is a term that describes all of the brain white matter diseases, whether their molecular cause is known or unknown.[1] It can refer specifically to any of these diseases:
Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy
Toxic leukoencephalopathy
Leukoencephalopathy with brainstem and spinal cord involvement and lactate elevation
Leukoencephalopathy with vanishing white matter
Leukoencephalopathy with neuroaxonal spheroids
Reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome
Megalencephalic leukoencephalopathy with subcortical cysts. It can also refer to gene MLC1 or Megalencephalic leukoencephalopathy with subcortical cysts 1, a human gene related to the former disease.
Hypertensive leukoencephalopathy
The classification of leukoencephalopathies is a matter of debate. Some authors divide leukoencephalopathies into hereditary disorders and acquired disorders. The hereditary demyelinating disorders are then classified according to the localization of the underlying metabolic defect, and they include the leukodystrophies when myelin growth is the underlying problem.
The acquired demyelinating diseases are classified according to their underlying causes into five groups: noninfectious–inflammatory, infectious–inflammatory, toxic–metabolic, hypoxic–ischemic (vascular problems like Binswanger's disease), and traumatic.[2]
This classification is diffuse sometimes. For example CADASIL syndrome is at the same time hereditary and hypoxic.
^Lyon, G.; Fattal-Valevski, A.; Kolodny, E. H. (2006). "Leukodystrophies". Topics in Magnetic Resonance Imaging. 17 (4): 219–242. doi:10.1097/RMR.0b013e31804c99d4. PMID 17414998.
^Marjo S. van der Knaap and Jaap Valk, eds. New York: Springer; 2005, Magnetic Resonance of Myelination and Myelin Disorders, 3rd ed.
and 27 Related for: Leukoencephalopathy information
of these diseases: Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy Toxic leukoencephalopathyLeukoencephalopathy with brainstem and spinal cord involvement...
Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a rare and often fatal viral disease characterized by progressive damage (-pathy) or inflammation...
Toxic leukoencephalopathy is a rare condition that is characterized by progressive damage (-pathy) to white matter (-leuko-) in the brain (-encephalo-)...
encephalopathy syndrome (PRES), also known as reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome (RPLS), is a rare condition in which parts of the brain...
cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy, is the most common form of hereditary stroke disorder, and is thought...
Hypertensive leukoencephalopathy refers to a degeneration of the white matter of the brain following a sudden increase in blood pressure. Symptoms include...
Megalencephalic leukoencephalopathy with subcortical cysts (MLC, or Van der Knaap disease) is a form of hereditary CNS demyelinating disease. It belongs...
initials of a patient, John Cunningham, with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML). The virus causes PML and other diseases only in cases of immunodeficiency...
Leukoencephalopathy with Brainstem and Spinal Cord Involvement and Lactate Elevation (LBSL) is a rare, hereditary neurodegenerative disease. The disease...
Leukoencephalopathy with vanishing white matter (VWM disease) is an autosomal recessive neurological disease. The cause of the disease are mutations in...
methamphetamine). Inhaling heroin appears to rarely lead to toxic leukoencephalopathy. There are also documented cases of both severe acute asthma and...
cerebral white matter, including ischemic leukoencephalopathy, multiple sclerosis, and progressive leukoencephalopathy. These may have major effects on intellectual...
cases of the rare neurological condition progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) when administered in combination with interferon beta-1a, another...
confusion. Further tests revealed he had progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML), a very rare and usually fatal viral inflammation of the brain...
Hereditary diffuse leukoencephalopathy with spheroids (HDLS) is a rare adult onset autosomal dominant disorder characterized by cerebral white matter...
Leukoencephalopathy with neuroaxonal spheroids (LENAS), also known as adult-onset leukoencephalopathy with axonal spheroids and pigmented glia (ALSP)...
myeloid leukemia (0.8%) from mitoxantrone, and progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy occurring with natalizumab (occurring in 1 in 600 people treated)...
packaging due to increased risk of developing progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML). Tysabri was pulled from the market in 2004, shortly after...
Cerebral autosomal recessive arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CARASIL) is disease of the arteries in the brain, which causes tissue...
hepatitis B in those previously infected, progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, toxic epidermal necrolysis, and death. It is unclear if use during...
autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disease called adult-onset leukoencephalopathy, which is characterized by dementia, executive dysfunction, and seizures...
cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy. One meta-analysis found a protective effect from angiotensin converting...
clots in small blood vessels, microabscesses, multifocal necrotizing leukoencephalopathy Liver: disruption of protein synthetic function manifests acutely...
organ transplant patients, JC virus with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, and Merkel cell virus with Merkel cell cancer. Polyomaviruses are...
deficiency of the enzyme galactosylceramidase). Progressive Spongiform Leukoencephalopathy (PSL)—which is a spongiform encephalopathy—is also probably not caused...