This article may be too technical for most readers to understand. Please help improve it to make it understandable to non-experts, without removing the technical details.(September 2015) (Learn how and when to remove this message)
In cellular biology, the plasmid copy number is the number of copies of a given plasmid in a cell. To ensure survival and thus the continued propagation of the plasmid, they must regulate their copy number. If a plasmid has too high of a copy number, they may excessively burden their host by occupying too much cellular machinery and using too much energy. On the other hand, too low of a copy number may result in the plasmid not being present in all of their host's progeny. Plasmids may be either low, medium or high copy number plasmids; the regulation mechanisms between low and medium copy number plasmids are different. Low copy plasmids (5 or less copies per host) require either a partitioning system or a toxin-antitoxin pair such as CcdA/CcdB to ensure that each daughter receives the plasmid. For example, the F plasmid, which is the origin of BACs (bacterial artificial chromosomes) is a single copy plasmid with a partitioning system encoded in an operon right next to the plasmid origin. The partitioning system interacts with the septation apparatus to ensure that each daughter receives a copy of the plasmid. Many biotechnology applications utilize mutated plasmids that replicate to high copy number. For example, pBR322 is a medium copy number plasmid (~20 copies/cell) from which several high copy number cloning vectors (>100 copies/cell) have been derived by mutagenesis, such as the well known pUC series.[1] This delivers the convenience of high plasmid DNA yields but the additional burden of the high copy number restricts the plasmid size. Larger high copy plasmids (>30kb) are disfavoured and also prone to size reduction through deletional mutagenesis.
^Boros, I; Pósfai, G; Venetianer, P (October 1984). "High-copy-number derivatives of the plasmid cloning vector pBR322". Gene. 30 (1–3): 257–60. doi:10.1016/0378-1119(84)90130-6. PMID 6096220.
and 24 Related for: Plasmid copy number information
the plasmidcopynumber is the number of copies of a given plasmid in a cell. To ensure survival and thus the continued propagation of the plasmid, they...
called the plasmidcopynumber, and is determined by how the replication initiation is regulated and the size of the molecule. Larger plasmids tend to have...
of the plasmid, the partitioning of the plasmid into daughter cells during cell division as well as the maintenance of the plasmid at low copy numbers...
Copynumber variation (CNV) is a phenomenon in which sections of the genome are repeated and the number of repeats in the genome varies between individuals...
replication of pMB1, and the rop gene, which encodes a restrictor of plasmidcopynumber. The plasmid has unique restriction sites for more than forty restriction...
depending on the plasmidcopynumber, type and size, the bacterial strain, the growth conditions, and the kit. Minipreparation of plasmid DNA is a rapid...
controls the number of copies of the plasmid in a cell. The higher the copynumber, the more likely the two daughter cells will contain the plasmid. Generally...
coli; however, the plasmidcopy-number is usually lower when the plasmid is resident within Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Plasmids can also be replicated...
plasmids, and a large number of different cloning plasmid vectors are available. Many plasmids have high copy numbers, for example, pUC19 has a copy number...
respectively. Minimal plasmids such as PFF1 are useful for studying the basic mechanisms of plasmid replication and copynumber regulation, as there are...
major factor in the control of plasmid replication. This rate of degradation is aided by the pcnB (plasmidcopynumber B) gene product, which polyadenylates...
small dimeric protein responsible for keeping the copynumber of ColE1 family and related bacterial plasmids low in E. coli by increasing the speed of pairing...
medium copynumberplasmids.[page needed] R1 must rely on a "Type II" segregation system. This plasmid system ensures that at least one copy is contained...
plasmids, bacteriophage and bacteria. For example, in plasmid ColE1, the asRNA termed RNA I plays an important role in determining the plasmidcopy number...
exogenous DNA, such as plasmids, during a process called transformation. The efficiency of transformation is typically measured as the number of transformants...
the plasmid to replicate independently of the bacterial chromosome. The total number of a particular plasmid within a cell is referred to as the copy number...
of replication, is derived from the plasmid pMB1. pUC19 is small but has a high copynumber. The high copynumber is a result of the lack of the rop gene...
engineered plasmids. Restriction sites within an MCS are typically unique, occurring only once within a given plasmid. The purpose of an MCS in a plasmid is to...
inserted into a plasmid and that these foreign sequences would be carried into bacteria and digested as part of the plasmid. That is, these plasmids could serve...
growth rates. ColE1 has a copynumber of 25-30 according to its original publication. Hershfield, V; et al. (1974). "Plasmid ColE1 as a Molecular Vehicle...
Fosmids are similar to cosmids but are based on the bacterial F-plasmid. The cloning vector is limited, as a host (usually E. coli) can only contain one...
virulence is the copynumber of plasmids per cell. The number of plasmids among isolates varies, with as many as 243 copies of pXO1 and 32 copies of pXO2 per...
Global Information