A placental disease is any disease, disorder, or pathology of the placenta.[1][2]
Ischemic placental disease leads to the attachment of the placenta to the uterine wall to become under-perfused, causing uteroplacental ischemia. Where the term overarches the pathology associated with preeclampsia, placental abruptions and intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR).[3] These factors are known to be the primary pathophysiology cause placental disease. Which is considered to be associated with more than half of premature births.[4]
Abnormalities present within the spiral arteries lead to higher velocities in blood, in turn causes the maternal villi to shred.[5] Which trigger pro-coagulator molecules to be released into the blood stream causing action of the coagulator cascade, eventually leading to placental infarction.[5] Risk factors such as diabetes, chronic blood pressure and multiple pregnancies can increase the risk of developing placental disease.[3] Also, exposure to sudden trauma can increase the risk of placental abruption which coincides with placental disease.[6]
There is no target treatment available for placental disease. Associative prevention mechanisms can be a method of minimising the risk of developing the disease, within early stages of pregnancy.
Placental syndromes include pregnancy loss, fetal growth restriction, preeclampsia, preterm delivery, premature rupture of membranes, placental abruption and intrauterine fetal demise.[7]
^Furuya M, Ishida J, Aoki I, Fukamizu A (2008). "Pathophysiology of placentation abnormalities in pregnancy-induced hypertension". Vasc Health Risk Manag. 4 (6): 1301–13. doi:10.2147/vhrm.s4009. PMC 2663465. PMID 19337544.
^Cheng MH, Wang PH (January 2009). "Placentation abnormalities in the pathophysiology of preeclampsia". Expert Rev. Mol. Diagn. 9 (1): 37–49. doi:10.1586/14737159.9.1.37. PMID 19099348. S2CID 21428301.
^ abParker S, Werler M (2014). "Epidemiology of ischemic placental disease: A focus on preterm gestations". Seminars in Perinatology. 38 (1): 133–138. doi:10.1053/j.semperi.2014.03.004. PMC 4824536. PMID 24836824.
^Ananth C, Vintzileos A (2008). "Medically Indicated Preterm Birth: Recognizing the Importance of the Problem". Clin Perinatol. 35 (1): 53–67. doi:10.1016/j.clp.2007.11.001. PMID 18280875.
^ abRoberts J (2014). "Pathophysiology of ischemic placental disease". Seminars in Perinatology. 38 (1): 139–145. doi:10.1053/j.semperi.2014.03.005. PMC 4040272. PMID 24836825.
^Adam T, Yeh C, Bennett-Kunzier N, Kinzler W (2014). "Long-term maternal morbidity and mortality associated with ischemic placental disease". Seminars in Perinatology. 38 (1): 146–150. doi:10.1053/j.semperi.2014.03.003. PMID 24836826.
^Kosinska-Kaczynska, Katarzyna (2022). "Placental Syndromes—A New Paradigm in Perinatology". Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health. 2022 (19): 7392. doi:10.3390/ijerph19127392. PMC 9224387. PMID 35742640.
A placentaldisease is any disease, disorder, or pathology of the placenta. Ischemic placentaldisease leads to the attachment of the placenta to the uterine...
Placental abruption is when the placenta separates early from the uterus, in other words separates before childbirth. It occurs most commonly around 25...
Deterioration in placental functioning, referred to as placental insufficiency, may be related to mother-to-child transmission of some infectious diseases. A very...
fibrin around the chorionic villi, i.e. perivillous fibrin deposition. Placentaldisease Marcorelles, P. (Mar 2010). "[Placenta and preeclampsia: relationships...
moles are abnormal conceptions with excessive placental development. Conception takes place, but placental tissue grows very fast, rather than supporting...
Placental expulsion (also called afterbirth) occurs when the placenta comes out of the birth canal after childbirth. The period from just after the baby...
gestation (twins or triplets, etc.) Placental abnormalities: Hyperplacentosis: Excessive exposure to chorionic villi Placental ischemia Family history Family...
Placental insufficiency or utero-placental insufficiency is the failure of the placenta to deliver sufficient nutrients to the fetus during pregnancy,...
Placental growth factor (PlGF) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PGF gene. Placental growth factor (PGF) is a member of the VEGF (vascular...
Placental site trophoblastic tumor is a form of gestational trophoblastic disease, which is thought to arise from intermediate trophoblast. The tumor...
Besnier–Boeck–Schaumann disease) is a disease involving abnormal collections of inflammatory cells that form lumps known as granulomata. The disease usually begins...
histories: assessment of brain disorders in the context of fetal-maternal-placentaldisease. Part 1: Fetal neurologic consultations in the context of antepartum...
antibodies do not cross the placental barrier, which is why no effects to the fetus are seen in first pregnancies for Rh-D mediated disease. However, in subsequent...
placenta praevia depends on the location of placental attachment; Types 1 and 2 are classified as minor placental praevia as these typically result in minor...
Phylogeny of Placental Evolution Through Dynamic Integrations of Retrotransposons". Molecular Biology of Placental Development and Disease. Progress in...
recur. Gestational trophoblastic diseasePlacental site trophoblastic tumour Jacob, S.; Mohapatra, D. (2009). "Placental site nodule: a tumor-like trophoblastic...
Unlike placental mammals, some male marsupials have a scrotum that is anterior to the penis, which is not homologous to the scrotum of placental mammals...
Thyroid disease in women is an autoimmune disease that affects the thyroid in women. This condition can have a profound effect during pregnancy and on...
chorioallantoic placenta, similar to those of placental mammals. The fetus usually develops fully in placental mammals and only partially in marsupials including...
Murphy WJ, Eizirik E, et al. (14 December 2001). "Resolution of the Early Placental Mammal Radiation Using Bayesian Phylogenetics". Science. 294 (5550): 2348–2351...
This list contains the placental mammals in the order Chiroptera. There are an estimated 1,300 species of bat. Genera and species of flying fox as according...
in their child. At 10 to 12 weeks of pregnancy, examining a piece of placental tissue through a test called chorionic villus sampling can be performed...
that connects the mammalian urinary bladder to the urinary meatus. In placental mammals, the urethra transports urine through the penis or vulva during...
(callorhinus ursinus) from a population with high placental prevalence of coxiella burnetii". Journal of Wildlife Diseases. 58 (2): 333–340. doi:10.7589/jwd-d-21-00037...
inflammatory responses thus a drug for lipopolysaccharide mediated disease. Placental alkaline phosphatase (PLAP) and its C terminally truncated version...
have a maternal, fetal, or placental cause. Conditions such as preeclampsia, chronic hypertension, collagen vascular disease, nephropathy, and thrombophilia...
Global Information