Micrograph of villitis of unknown etiology, a placental pathology associated with IUGR. H&E stain.
Specialty
Pediatrics, obstetrics
Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), or fetal growth restriction, is the poor growth of a fetus while in the womb during pregnancy. IUGR is defined by clinical features of malnutrition and evidence of reduced growth regardless of an infant's birth weight percentile.[5] The causes of IUGR are broad and may involve maternal, fetal, or placental complications.[6]
At least 60% of the 4 million neonatal deaths that occur worldwide every year are associated with low birth weight (LBW), caused by intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), preterm delivery, and genetic abnormalities,[7] demonstrating that under-nutrition is already a leading health problem at birth.
Intrauterine growth restriction can result in a baby being small for gestational age (SGA), which is most commonly defined as a weight below the 10th percentile for the gestational age.[8] At the end of pregnancy, it can result in a low birth weight.
^Vandenbosche, Robert C.; Kirchner, Jeffrey T. (15 October 1998). "Intrauterine Growth Retardation". American Family Physician. 56 (6): 1384–1390. PMID 9803202. Retrieved 20 February 2016. Intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR), which is defined as less than 10 percent of predicted fetal weight for gestational age, may result in significant fetal morbidity and mortality if not properly diagnosed. The condition is most commonly caused by inadequate maternal-fetal circulation, with a resultant decrease in fetal growth.
^White, Cynthia D. (16 November 2014). "Intrauterine growth restriction". MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia. Retrieved 21 February 2016. Alternative Names: Intrauterine growth retardation; IUGR
^Kesavan, K.; Devaskar, S. U. (2019-04-01). "Intrauterine Growth Restriction: Postnatal Monitoring and Outcomes". Pediatric Clinics of North America. 66 (2): 403–423. doi:10.1016/j.pcl.2018.12.009. ISSN 0031-3955. PMID 30819345. S2CID 73488004.
^"Fetal Growth Restriction: ACOG Practice Bulletin, Number 227". Obstetrics & Gynecology. 137 (2): e16–e28. February 2021. doi:10.1097/AOG.0000000000004251. ISSN 0029-7844. PMID 33481528. S2CID 231680750.
^Lawn JE, Cousens S, Zupan J (2005). "4 million neonatal deaths: when? Where? Why?". The Lancet. 365 (9462): 891–900. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(05)71048-5. PMID 15752534. S2CID 20891663.
^Small for gestational age (SGA) at MedlinePlus. Update Date: 8/4/2009. Updated by: Linda J. Vorvick. Also reviewed by David Zieve.
and 25 Related for: Intrauterine growth restriction information
include feeding problems, prematurity, intestinal atresia, and intrauterinegrowthrestriction. The cause is typically unknown. Rates are higher in babies...
two trimesters of pregnancy can lead to intrauterinegrowthrestriction, leading to a baby who has stunted growth and is born smaller than 90% of other...
special medical care due to prematurity, low birth weight, intrauterinegrowthrestriction, congenital malformations (birth defects), sepsis, pulmonary...
months after a bariatric surgery to reduce the possibility of intrauterinegrowthrestriction or nutrient deficiency, since a person having bariatric surgery...
Turner syndrome, Growth failure secondary to chronic kidney disease in children, Prader–Willi syndrome, intrauterinegrowthrestriction, and severe idiopathic...
variation in the growth of the human fetus. When the fetal size is less than expected, the condition is known as intrauterinegrowthrestriction also called...
the fetus as being small for gestational age, or as showing intrauterinegrowthrestriction when an ultrasound is conducted. Typically, people with primordial...
spiral arteries can cause a number of complications, including intrauterinegrowthrestriction and pre-eclampsia. Robertson, W. B. (1976). "Uteroplacental...
pathology associated with preeclampsia, placental abruptions and intrauterinegrowthrestriction (IUGR). These factors are known to be the primary pathophysiology...
obstruction of the lower urinary tract Intrauterine demise Post-term pregnancy Rupture of membranes Intrauterinegrowthrestriction (IUGR) associated with placental...
possible for gaur embryos inside cattle as well, but with severe intrauterinegrowthrestriction, with uncertainty of how much is caused by the IVF procedure...
measurements can be performed with obstetric ultrasonography. Intrauterinegrowthrestriction is one of the causes of low birth weight associated with over...
comprehension, perceptual reasoning and processing speed. Intrauterinegrowthrestriction is associated with learning deficits in childhood, and as such...
occur but are uncommon.[citation needed] Triploid fetuses have intrauterinegrowthrestriction beginning early in the pregnancy, as early as 12 weeks, and...
recurrent condition and can be associated with intrauterinegrowthrestriction (IUGR). IUGR involves the poor growth of the foetus, stillbirth, miscarriage,...
histomorphologic correlate of gestational hypertension, as may be seen in intrauterinegrowthrestriction (IUGR) and HELLP syndrome. The name of the condition describes...
functional brain development in premature infants born with intrauterinegrowthrestriction". Pediatric Research. 56 (1): 132–138. doi:10.1203/01.PDR.0000128983...