1.9 million with interstitial lung disease (2015)[10]
Deaths
122,000 with interstitial lung disease (2015)[11]
Sarcoidosis (also known as Besnier–Boeck–Schaumann disease) is a disease involving abnormal collections of inflammatory cells that form lumps known as granulomata.[2] The disease usually begins in the lungs, skin, or lymph nodes.[2] Less commonly affected are the eyes, liver, heart, and brain, though any organ can be affected.[2] The signs and symptoms depend on the organ involved.[2] Often, no, or only mild, symptoms are seen.[2] When it affects the lungs, wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, or chest pain may occur.[3] Some may have Löfgren syndrome with fever, large lymph nodes, arthritis, and a rash known as erythema nodosum.[2]
The cause of sarcoidosis is unknown.[2] Some believe it may be due to an immune reaction to a trigger such as an infection or chemicals in those who are genetically predisposed.[12][13] Those with affected family members are at greater risk.[4] Diagnosis is partly based on signs and symptoms, which may be supported by biopsy.[6] Findings that make it likely include large lymph nodes at the root of the lung on both sides, high blood calcium with a normal parathyroid hormone level, or elevated levels of angiotensin-converting enzyme in the blood.[6] The diagnosis should be made only after excluding other possible causes of similar symptoms such as tuberculosis.[6]
Sarcoidosis may resolve without any treatment within a few years.[2][5] However, some people may have long-term or severe disease.[5] Some symptoms may be improved with the use of anti-inflammatory drugs such as ibuprofen.[8] In cases where the condition causes significant health problems, steroids such as prednisone are indicated.[9] Medications such as methotrexate, chloroquine, or azathioprine may occasionally be used in an effort to decrease the side effects of steroids.[9] The risk of death is 1–7%.[5] The chance of the disease returning in someone who has had it previously is less than 5%.[2]
In 2015, pulmonary sarcoidosis and interstitial lung disease affected 1.9 million people globally and they resulted in 122,000 deaths.[10][11] It is most common in Scandinavians, but occurs in all parts of the world.[14] In the United States, risk is greater among black people as opposed to white people.[14] It usually begins between the ages of 20 and 50.[4] It occurs more often in women than men.[4] Sarcoidosis was first described in 1877 by the English doctor Jonathan Hutchinson as a non-painful skin disease.[15]
^Konstantinidis G (2005). Elsevier's Dictionary of Medicine and Biology: in English, Greek, German, Italian and Latin. Elsevier. p. 1454. ISBN 978-0-08-046012-3.
^ abcdefghijkl"What Is Sarcoidosis?". NHLBI. June 14, 2013. Archived from the original on 6 April 2016. Retrieved 28 March 2016.
^ abcd"What Are the Signs and Symptoms of Sarcoidosis?". NHLBI. June 14, 2013. Archived from the original on 7 April 2016. Retrieved 29 March 2016.
^ abcde"Who Is at Risk for Sarcoidosis?". NHLBI. June 14, 2013. Archived from the original on 7 April 2016. Retrieved 28 March 2016.
^ abcdeWijsenbeek MS, Culver DA (December 2015). "Treatment of Sarcoidosis". Clinics in Chest Medicine. 36 (4): 751–67. doi:10.1016/j.ccm.2015.08.015. PMID 26593147.
^ abcdGovender P, Berman JS (December 2015). "The Diagnosis of Sarcoidosis". Clinics in Chest Medicine. 36 (4): 585–602. doi:10.1016/j.ccm.2015.08.003. PMID 26593135.
^Ferri FF (2010). Ferri's differential diagnosis: a practical guide to the differential diagnosis of symptoms, signs, and clinical disorders (2nd ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier/Mosby. p. Chapter S. ISBN 978-0-323-07699-9.
^ abDrent M, Cremers JP, Jansen TL (May 2014). "Pulmonology meets rheumatology in sarcoidosis: a review on the therapeutic approach". Current Opinion in Rheumatology. 26 (3): 276–84. doi:10.1097/bor.0000000000000052. PMID 24614277. S2CID 24353355.
^ abcJudson MA (February 2016). "Corticosteroids in Sarcoidosis". Rheumatic Disease Clinics of North America. 42 (1): 119–35, ix. doi:10.1016/j.rdc.2015.08.012. PMID 26611555.
^ abGBD 2015 Disease Injury Incidence Prevalence Collaborators (October 2016). "Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 310 diseases and injuries, 1990–2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015". Lancet. 388 (10053): 1545–1602. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31678-6. PMC 5055577. PMID 27733282. {{cite journal}}: |author1= has generic name (help)CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
^ abGBD 2015 Mortality Causes of Death Collaborators (October 2016). "Global, regional, and national life expectancy, all-cause mortality, and cause-specific mortality for 249 causes of death, 1980–2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015". Lancet. 388 (10053): 1459–1544. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31012-1. PMC 5388903. PMID 27733281. {{cite journal}}: |author1= has generic name (help)CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
^Baughman RP, Culver DA, Judson MA (March 2011). "A concise review of pulmonary sarcoidosis". American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine. 183 (5): 573–81. doi:10.1164/rccm.201006-0865CI. PMC 3081278. PMID 21037016.
^"What Causes Sarcoidosis?". NHLBI. June 14, 2013. Archived from the original on 6 April 2016. Retrieved 28 March 2016.
^ abKobak S (October 2015). "Sarcoidosis: a rheumatologist's perspective". Therapeutic Advances in Musculoskeletal Disease. 7 (5): 196–205. doi:10.1177/1759720x15591310. PMC 4572362. PMID 26425148.
^James DG, Sharma OP (September 2002). "From Hutchinson to now: a historical glimpse" (PDF). Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine. 8 (5): 416–23. doi:10.1097/00063198-200209000-00013. PMID 12172446. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2016-03-04.
cutaneous sarcoidosis rarely causes major problems. Sarcoidosis of the scalp presents with diffuse or patchy hair loss. Histologically, sarcoidosis of the...
granulomas of sarcoidosis are similar to those of tuberculosis and other infectious granulomatous diseases. In most cases of sarcoidosis, though, the granulomas...
cutaneous sarcoidosis rarely causes major problems. Ulcerative sarcoidosis is a cutaneous condition affecting roughly 5% of people with sarcoidosis.: 710 ...
people with sarcoidosis of other organs (e.g. lung) develop central nervous system involvement. Only 1 percent of people with sarcoidosis will have neurosarcoidosis...
commonly identified by a chest x-ray. The following are causes of BHL: Sarcoidosis Infection Tuberculosis Fungal infection Mycoplasma Intestinal Lipodystrophy...
fibroblastic foci). In 2015, interstitial lung disease, together with pulmonary sarcoidosis, affected 1.9 million people. They resulted in 122,000 deaths. ILD may...
stomach and proximal duodenum Ulcerative sarcoidosis, a cutaneous condition affecting people with sarcoidosis Ulcerative lichen planus, a rare variant...
in 1993. In 1995, Duffy was diagnosed with a rare form of the disease sarcoidosis called neurosarcoidosis. Since then, she's written two books about her...
a granuloma. Many conditions can cause Schaumann bodies, including: Sarcoidosis, Hypersensitivity pneumonitis, and Berylliosis. uncommonly, Crohn's disease...
infiltrates are associated with pneumonia, tuberculosis,[citation needed] and sarcoidosis. Pulmonary infiltrates can be observed on a chest radiograph.[citation...
agents of sarcoidosis, most notably mycobacteria and cutibacteria (previously propionibacteria). Sarcoidosis Skin manifestations of sarcoidosis List of...
diseases Sarcoidosis Micrograph of asteroid bodies in pulmonary sarcoidosis. H&E stain. Micrograph of asteroid bodies in pulmonary sarcoidosis. H&E stain...
Kveim-Siltzbach test is a skin test used to detect sarcoidosis, where part of a spleen from a patient with known sarcoidosis is injected into the skin of a patient...
approaches to genitourinary sarcoidosis have been proposed. Based on the marked relationship between testicular cancer and sarcoidosis, orchiectomy is recommended...
smoking, tuberculosis, allergies, acid reflux, rheumatoid arthritis, or sarcoidosis. The underlying mechanism involves irritation of the vocal cords. Concerning...
treatment of sarcoidosis and related conditions. It was co-founded by D. Geraint James, who had set up the first international conference on sarcoidosis almost...
disorders associated with EN include: Behçet's disease Crohn's disease Sarcoidosis Pregnancy may be associated with EN. Medications associated with EN include:...
PMID 32642009. Google Health – Google Google Health – Google "Sarcoidosis Signs & Symptoms – Sarcoidosis – HealthCommunities.com". Archived from the original on...
final 20 years of his life, Mac publicly disclosed that he had severe sarcoidosis, a disease of unknown origin that causes inflammation in tissue. On July...
malignancy (cancer), subarachnoid hemorrhage, chronic inflammatory disease (sarcoidosis) and certain drugs. Meningitis can be life-threatening because of the...
DNA detected in bronchoalveolar lavage cells from patients with sarcoidosis". Sarcoidosis, Vasculitis, and Diffuse Lung Diseases. 20 (3): 197–203. PMID 14620162...
levels. Treatment is by addressing the underlying systemic condition. Sarcoidosis is a chronic systemic disease characterised by the production of non-caseating...
"Conjunctival Biopsy as a First Choice to Confirm a Diagnosis of Sarcoidosis". Sarcoidosis, Vasculitis, and Diffuse Lung Diseases. 33 (3): 196–200. ISSN 2532-179X...
disease Lung cancer and lymphoma Other lung diseases like cystic fibrosis, sarcoidosis, asbestosis, lymphangioleiomyomatosis, and mesothelioma Pneumothorax...
infections; autoimmune and inflammatory conditions such as amyloidosis and sarcoidosis. Peripheral neuropathy is associated with a sensory loss in a "glove...
Granuloma formation is seen in other diseases such as tuberculosis and sarcoidosis. Sarcoidosis, like berylliosis, also produces granulomas without a necrotic...