This article is about cellular photoreceptors. For other types of photoreceptors, see Photoreceptor (disambiguation).
Photoreceptor cell
Functional parts of the rods and cones, which are two of the three types of photosensitive cells in the retina
Identifiers
MeSH
D010786
NeuroLex ID
sao226523927
FMA
85613 86740, 85613
Anatomical terms of neuroanatomy
[edit on Wikidata]
A photoreceptor cell is a specialized type of neuroepithelial cell found in the retina that is capable of visual phototransduction. The great biological importance of photoreceptors is that they convert light (visible electromagnetic radiation) into signals that can stimulate biological processes. To be more specific, photoreceptor proteins in the cell absorb photons, triggering a change in the cell's membrane potential.
There are currently three known types of photoreceptor cells in mammalian eyes: rods, cones, and intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells. The two classic photoreceptor cells are rods and cones, each contributing information used by the visual system to form an image of the environment, sight. Rods primarily mediate scotopic vision (dim conditions) whereas cones primarily mediate photopic vision (bright conditions), but the processes in each that supports phototransduction is similar.[1] The intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells were discovered during the 1990s.[2] These cells are thought not to contribute to sight directly, but have a role in the entrainment of the circadian rhythm and the pupillary reflex.
A photoreceptorcell is a specialized type of neuroepithelial cell found in the retina that is capable of visual phototransduction. The great biological...
Rod cells are photoreceptorcells in the retina of the eye that can function in lower light better than the other type of visual photoreceptor, cone cells...
Cone cells or cones are photoreceptorcells in the retinas of vertebrates' eyes. They respond differently to light of different wavelengths, and the combination...
As a part of the retina, bipolar cells exist between photoreceptors (rod cells and cone cells) and ganglion cells. They act, directly or indirectly, to...
protein. Therefore, they constitute a third class of photoreceptors, in addition to rod and cone cells. Compared to the rods and cones, the ipRGCs respond...
transduction process of the visual system by which light is detected by photoreceptorcells (rods and cones) in the vertebrate retina. A photon is absorbed by...
Photoreceptor can refer to: In anatomy/cell biology: Photoreceptorcell, a photosensitive cell in the retina of vertebrate eyes Simple eye in invertebrates...
outer layer of pigmented epithelial cells. The primary light-sensing cells in the retina are the photoreceptorcells, which are of two types: rods and cones...
smaller amounts of TUNEL-positive cells. The synaptic contacts amongst photoreceptorcells, bipolar cells, and horizontal cells were preserved in the ursodoxicoltaurine...
mechanism involves the progressive loss of rod photoreceptorcells that line the retina of the eyeball. The rod cells secrete a neuroprotective substance (Rod-derived...
light in a variety of organisms. Some examples are rhodopsin in the photoreceptorcells of the vertebrate retina, phytochrome in plants, and bacteriorhodopsin...
ommatidium). An ommatidium contains a cluster of photoreceptorcells surrounded by support cells and pigment cells. The outer part of the ommatidium is overlaid...
ommatidium contains eight photoreceptorcells (R1-8), support cells, pigment cells, and a cornea. Wild-type flies have reddish pigment cells, which serve to absorb...
and ommatidium have simple photoreceptors. Many have various forms of retinula (a retina-like cluster of photoreceptorcells), including the ommatidia...
eyes in the animal kingdom, each eye consists only of a photoreceptorcell and a pigment cell. P. dumerilii worms have a ciliated surface which beats...
integrate and regulate the input from multiple photoreceptorcells. Among their functions, horizontal cells are believed to be responsible for increasing...
fall into two groups on the basis of their photoreceptor's cellular construction, with the photoreceptorcells either being ciliated (as in the vertebrates)...
consist of a photoreceptorcell surrounded by a band of microvilli and bearing melanopsin, but half enveloped by a cup-shaped pigment cell. The peak sensitivity...
However, even photoreceptorcells may have evolved more than once from molecularly similar chemoreceptor cells. Probably, photoreceptorcells existed long...
et al. (2014). Molecular Biology of the Cell (6th ed.). Garland Science. Williams (2004). PhotoreceptorCell Biology and Inherited Retinal Degenerations...
cGMP-dependent cation channels. This leads to the hyperpolarization of photoreceptorcells, changing the rate at which they release transmitters. Meta II (metarhodopsin...
insensitive). Tetrachromacy requires that there be four independent photoreceptorcell classes with different spectral sensitivity. However, there must also...
receptors (smell) and taste receptors, photoreceptors (vision), thermoreceptors (temperature), nociceptors (pain), hair cells (hearing and balance), and a number...
types of photoreceptorcell that humans possess in their eyes, the eyes of a mantis shrimp have between 12 and 16 types of photoreceptorcells. Furthermore...
and body), the different types of sensory receptor cells (such as mechanoreceptors, photoreceptors, chemoreceptors, thermoreceptors) in sensory organs...
This molecule is then transported into the retina's photoreceptorcells (the rod or cone cells in mammals) where it binds to an opsin protein and acts...
juvenile macular degeneration disease causing progressive loss of photoreceptorcells. STGD is characterized by reduced visual acuity and color vision...
amacrine cell is a mediator of signals from rod cells under scotopic conditions. Bipolar cell of the retina Horizontal cellPhotoreceptorcell Retinal...
Global Information