Type of color vision with four types of cone cells
"Tetrachromat" redirects here. For the chemical ion species, see Tetrachromate.
The four pigments in a bird's cone cells (in this example, estrildid finches) extend the range of color vision into the ultraviolet.[1]
Tetrachromacy (from Greek tetra, meaning "four" and chroma, meaning "color") is the condition of possessing four independent channels for conveying color information, or possessing four types of cone cell in the eye. Organisms with tetrachromacy are called tetrachromats.
In tetrachromatic organisms, the sensory color space is four-dimensional, meaning that matching the sensory effect of arbitrarily chosen spectra of light within their visible spectrum requires mixtures of at least four primary colors.
Tetrachromacy is demonstrated among several species of birds,[2] fishes,[3] and reptiles.[3] The common ancestor of all vertebrates was a tetrachromat, but a common ancestor of mammals lost two of its four kinds of cone cell, evolving dichromacy, a loss ascribed to the conjectured nocturnal bottleneck. Some primates then later evolved a third cone.[4]
^Figure data, uncorrected absorbance curve fits, from Hart, NS; Partridge, JC; Bennett, ATD; Cuthill, IC (2000). "Visual pigments, cone oil droplets and ocular media in four species of estrildid finch". Journal of Comparative Physiology A. 186 (7–8): 681–694. doi:10.1007/s003590000121. PMID 11016784. S2CID 19458550.
^Goldsmith, Timothy H. (2006). "What Birds See". Scientific American (July 2006): 69–75.
^ abBowmaker, James K. (September 2008). "Evolution of vertebrate visual pigments". Vision Research. 48 (20): 2022–2041. doi:10.1016/j.visres.2008.03.025. PMID 18590925. S2CID 52808112.
^Jacobs, G. H. (2009). "Evolution of colour vision in mammals". Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B. 364 (1531): 2957–2967. doi:10.1098/rstb.2009.0039. PMC 2781854. PMID 19720656.
Tetrachromacy (from Greek tetra, meaning "four" and chroma, meaning "color") is the condition of possessing four independent channels for conveying color...
all human females have 4 distinct cone classes, which could enable tetrachromacy. However, a distinction must be made between retinal (or weak) tetrachromats...
eutherian mammals. A remote vertebrate ancestor of primates possessed tetrachromacy, but nocturnal, warm-blooded, mammalian ancestors lost two of four cones...
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they may encode different alleles. There are several theories for tetrachromacy in humans, but the most popular theory is related to females carriers...
ten million different colors. Visual system Monochromacy Dichromacy Tetrachromacy Pentachromacy Mantis shrimp (dodecachromats) Evolution of color vision...
Color Vision of the Budgerigar (Melopsittacus undulatus): Hue Matches, Tetrachromacy, and Intensity Discrimination. Timothy H. Goldsmith and Byron K. Butler...
to name colors. List of people with color blindness Motion blindness Tetrachromacy Gordon N (March 1998). "Colour blindness". Public Health. 112 (2): 81–4...
intense in supertasters[citation needed] Sensory processing sensitivity Tetrachromacy Hypergeusia Hayes JE, Keast RS (October 2011). "Two decades of supertasting:...
other vertebrates (birds, lizards, fish, etc.) have retained their tetrachromacy, including UVS opsins that extend further into the ultraviolet than...
Impossible colors Metamerism Opponent process Afterimage Unique hues Tetrachromacy The dress Color psychology Color symbolism Color preferences Lüscher...
Color evoked by a single wavelength of light in the visible spectrum Tetrachromacy – Type of color vision with four types of cone cells, having four primary...
led to the loss of the vision of red and ultraviolet light (ancestral tetrachromacy of vertebrates reduced to dichromacy). Although there is no evidence...
rely on the highly acute deep fovea. Like all birds, raptors possess tetrachromacy, however, due to their emphasis on visual acuity, many diurnal birds...
"emerald" as a 4th color Hexachrome, a system for printing with six colours Tetrachromacy, a different biological system from trichromacy, possibly found in some...
for other fish or birds, and not to signal mammals. In bird vision, tetrachromacy is achieved through up to four cone types, depending on species. Each...
Achromatopsia Blue cone monochromacy Cone dystrophy Dichromacy Trichromacy Tetrachromacy Alpern M (Sep 1974). "What is it that confines in a world without color...
adaptation Memory color effect Shadow and highlight enhancement Trichromacy Tetrachromacy Theory of Colours Boudrioua, Azzedine; Rashed, Roshdi; Lakshminarayanan...
Bennett, A. T. D.; Marshall, N. J.; Cuthill, I. C. (3 July 1998). "Tetrachromacy, oil droplets and bird plumage colours" (PDF). Journal of Comparative...
Impossible colors Metamerism Opponent process Afterimage Unique hues Tetrachromacy The dress Color psychology Color symbolism Color preferences Lüscher...
Impossible colors Metamerism Opponent process Afterimage Unique hues Tetrachromacy The dress Color psychology Color symbolism Color preferences Lüscher...
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