Organ that detects light and converts it into electro-chemical impulses in neurons
This article is about the organ present in many organisms. For the human organ specifically, see Human eye. For the letter, see I. For the pupil, see Pupil. For other uses, see Eye (disambiguation).
"Eyeball", "Eyes", and "Ocular" redirect here. For other uses, see Eyeball (disambiguation), Eyes (disambiguation), and Ocular (disambiguation).
Eye
Compound eye of an Antarctic krill
Diagram of a human eye
Details
System
Nervous
Identifiers
Latin
oculus
TA98
A15.2.00.001 A01.1.00.007
TA2
113, 6734
Anatomical terminology
[edit on Wikidata]
An eye is a sensory organ that allows an organism to perceive visual information. It detects light and converts it into electro-chemical impulses in neurons (neurones). It is part of an organism's visual system.
In higher organisms, the eye is a complex optical system that collects light from the surrounding environment, regulates its intensity through a diaphragm, focuses it through an adjustable assembly of lenses to form an image, converts this image into a set of electrical signals, and transmits these signals to the brain through neural pathways that connect the eye via the optic nerve to the visual cortex and other areas of the brain.
Eyes with resolving power have come in ten fundamentally different forms, classified into compound eyes and non-compound eyes. Compound eyes are made up of multiple small visual units, and are common on insects and crustaceans. Non-compound eyes have a single lens and focus light onto the retina to form a single image. This type of eye is common in mammals. The human eye is a non-compound eye.
The simplest eyes are pit eyes. They are eye-spots which may be set into a pit to reduce the angle of light that enters and affects the eye-spot, to allow the organism to deduce the angle of incoming light.[1]
Eyes enable several photo response functions that are independent of vision. In an organism that has more complex eyes, retinal photosensitive ganglion cells send signals along the retinohypothalamic tract to the suprachiasmatic nuclei to effect circadian adjustment and to the pretectal area to control the pupillary light reflex.
^Land, M.F.; Fernald, R.D. (1992). "The evolution of eyes". Annual Review of Neuroscience. 15: 1–29. doi:10.1146/annurev.ne.15.030192.000245. PMID 1575438.
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