Serine in an amino acid chain, before and after phosphorylation.
In biochemistry, phosphorylation is the attachment of a phosphate group to a molecule or an ion.[1] This process and its inverse, dephosphorylation, are common in biology.[2] Protein phosphorylation often activates (or deactivates) many enzymes.[3][4]
^Betts, J. Gordon (2013). "2.5 Organic compounds essential for human functioning". Anatomy & physiology. OpenStax. ISBN 978-1-947172-04-3. Archived from the original on 2023-03-31. Retrieved 16 April 2023.
^Chen J, He X, Jakovlić I (November 2022). "Positive selection-driven fixation of a hominin-specific amino acid mutation related to dephosphorylation in IRF9". BMC Ecology and Evolution. 22 (1): 132. doi:10.1186/s12862-022-02088-5. PMC 9650800. PMID 36357830. S2CID 253448972. Text was copied from this source, which is available under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
^Oliveira AP, Sauer U (March 2012). "The importance of post-translational modifications in regulating Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolism". FEMS Yeast Research. 12 (2): 104–117. doi:10.1111/j.1567-1364.2011.00765.x. PMID 22128902.
^Tripodi F, Nicastro R, Reghellin V, Coccetti P (April 2015). "Post-translational modifications on yeast carbon metabolism: Regulatory mechanisms beyond transcriptional control". Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - General Subjects. 1850 (4): 620–627. doi:10.1016/j.bbagen.2014.12.010. hdl:10281/138736. PMID 25512067.
In biochemistry, phosphorylation is the attachment of a phosphate group to a molecule or an ion. This process and its inverse, dephosphorylation, are...
Protein phosphorylation is a reversible post-translational modification of proteins in which an amino acid residue is phosphorylated by a protein kinase...
Oxidative phosphorylation (UK /ɒkˈsɪd.ə.tɪv/, US /ˈɑːk.sɪˌdeɪ.tɪv/ ) or electron transport-linked phosphorylation or terminal oxidation is the metabolic...
phosphate group to form ATP (adenosine triphosphate), by substrate-level phosphorylation, NADH and FADH2.[citation needed] The negative ΔG indicates that the...
A phosphorylation cascade is a sequence of signaling pathway events where one enzyme phosphorylates another, causing a chain reaction leading to the phosphorylation...
Tyrosine phosphorylation is the addition of a phosphate (PO43−) group to the amino acid tyrosine on a protein. It is one of the main types of protein...
Electrochemical gradient Glycolysis Oxidative phosphorylation Mitchell P (July 1961). "Coupling of phosphorylation to electron and hydrogen transfer by a chemi-osmotic...
oxidative phosphorylation with ATP synthase. In eukaryotic organisms, the electron transport chain, and site of oxidative phosphorylation, is found on...
Dual specificity tyrosine-phosphorylation-regulated kinase 1A is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the DYRK1A gene. Alternative splicing of this...
achieved throughout processes such as substrate-level phosphorylation, oxidative phosphorylation, and photophosphorylation, all of which facilitate the...
eukaryotes are (1) glycolysis, (2) the citric acid cycle/oxidative phosphorylation, and (3) beta-oxidation. The overall process of oxidizing glucose to...
uncoupler or uncoupling agent is a molecule that disrupts oxidative phosphorylation in prokaryotes and mitochondria or photophosphorylation in chloroplasts...
NADH generated by the citric acid cycle is fed into the oxidative phosphorylation (electron transport) pathway. The net result of these two closely linked...
a third or a half of the proteins experience phosphorylation). Because of its frequency, phosphorylation has a lot of importance in regulatory pathways...
or aspartic acid or histidine residues (mostly in prokaryotes). The phosphorylation of proteins is a major regulatory mechanism in cells. Phosphoproteins...
a mark that indicates the phosphorylation the 28th serine residue of the histone H3 protein. Early mitosis phosphorylation patterns for H3S10 and H3S28...
phosphate-donating molecules to specific substrates. This process is known as phosphorylation, where the high-energy ATP molecule donates a phosphate group to the...
reactions consume it. It also serves as a carrier of phosphate groups in phosphorylation reactions. A vitamin is an organic compound needed in small quantities...
cap-dependent translation by binding to translation initiation factor eIF4E. Phosphorylation of 4E-BP1 results in its release from eIF4E, thereby allows cap-dependent...
the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1992 for their work on phosphorylation and dephosphorylation and how it relates to PKA activity. PKA is one...
DNA packaging protein histone H3. It is a mark that indicates the phosphorylation the 10th serine residue of the histone H3 protein. Depending on the...
produced by a mechanism vastly different from the substrate-level phosphorylation in glycolysis. The lower-energy production, per glucose, of anaerobic...
serine/threonine-specific protein kinases. Activated CAMK is involved in the phosphorylation of transcription factors and therefore, in the regulation of expression...
threonine, whose side chains have a hydroxy group, but are alcohols. Phosphorylation of these three amino acids' moieties (including tyrosine) creates a...
the cell. For instance, the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation all take place in the mitochondrial membrane.: 73, 74 & 109 In contrast...
receptor is a serine/threonine receptor kinase, which catalyzes the phosphorylation of the Type I receptor. Each class of ligand binds to a specific type...
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