Organic compound with at least one covalent carbon–phosphorus bond
Organophosphorus chemistry is the scientific study of the synthesis and properties of organophosphorus compounds, which are organic compounds containing phosphorus.[1] They are used primarily in pest control as an alternative to chlorinated hydrocarbons that persist in the environment. Some organophosphorus compounds are highly effective insecticides, although some are extremely toxic to humans, including sarin and VX nerve agents.[2]
Phosphorus, like nitrogen, is in group 15 of the periodic table, and thus phosphorus compounds and nitrogen compounds have many similar properties.[3][4][5] The definition of organophosphorus compounds is variable, which can lead to confusion. In industrial and environmental chemistry, an organophosphorus compound need contain only an organic substituent, but need not have a direct phosphorus-carbon (P-C) bond.[citation needed] Thus a large proportion of pesticides (e.g., malathion), are often included in this class of compounds.
Phosphorus can adopt a variety of oxidation states, and it is general to classify organophosphorus compounds based on their being derivatives of phosphorus(V) vs phosphorus(III), which are the predominant classes of compounds. In a descriptive but only intermittently used nomenclature, phosphorus compounds are identified by their coordination number σ and their valency λ. In this system, a phosphine is a σ3λ3 compound.
^Merriam-Webster, Merriam-Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, Merriam-Webster, archived from the original on 2020-05-25, retrieved 2015-12-17.
^Lewis, Robert Alan (1998). Lewisʼ Dictionary of Toxicology. CRC Lewis. p. 763. ISBN 978-1-56670-223-2. Retrieved 18 July 2013.
^Dillon, K. B.; Mathey, F.; Nixon, J. F. (1997) Phosphorus. The Carbon Copy; John Wiley & Sons, ISBN 0-471-97360-2
^Quin, L. D. (2000) A Guide to Organophosphorus Chemistry; John Wiley & Sons, ISBN 0-471-31824-8
^Racke, K.D. (1992). "Degradation of organophosphorus insecticides in environmental matrices", pp. 47–73 in: Chambers, J.E., Levi, P.E. (eds.), Organophosphates: Chemistry, Fate, and Effects. Academic Press, San Diego, ISBN 0121673456.
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Organophosphoruschemistry is the scientific study of the synthesis and properties of organophosphorus compounds, which are organic compounds containing...
in the starting material. The name "phosphine" was first used for organophosphorus compounds in 1857, being analogous to organic amines (NR3). The gas...
chemistry and discussed under titles such as organosulfur chemistry, organometallic chemistry, organophosphoruschemistry and organosilicon chemistry...
pp. 407–410. doi:10.1016/S0040-4039(01)92651-6 Quin, L. D. (2000). A Guide to OrganophosphorusChemistry. Wiley-Interscience. ISBN 978-0-471-31824-8....
phosphorane (IUPAC name: λ5-phosphane) is a functional group in organophosphoruschemistry with pentavalent phosphorus. Phosphoranes have the general formula...
Organic Chemistry (6th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson/Prentice Hall. p. 477.[ISBN missing] Walker, B. J. (1972). OrganophosphorusChemistry. Harmondsworth:...
(2004). Inorganic Chemistry (2nd ed.). Prentice Hall. p. 40. ISBN 978-0-13-039913-7. Quin, L. D. (2000). A Guide to OrganophosphorusChemistry, LOCATION: John...
Hydronium (H3O+) Onium compounds Organophosphoruschemistry Corbridge, D. E. C. (1995). Phosphorus: An Outline of its Chemistry, Biochemistry, and Technology...
In organophosphoruschemistry, phosphoramidates (sometimes also called amidophosphates) are a class of phosphorus compounds structurally related to phosphates...
classified as organophosphorus compounds. They are widely used commercially. The PCl3 serves as a source of P3+ in routes to organophosphorus(III) compounds...
reactions are found in organosilicon chemistry, organosulfur chemistry, organophosphoruschemistry and organofluorine chemistry. With the introduction of carbon-metal...
Trimethylphosphine is an organophosphorus compound with the formula P(CH3)3, commonly abbreviated as PMe3. This colorless liquid has a strongly unpleasant...
In organophosphoruschemistry, an aminophosphine is a compound with the formula R3−nP(NR2)n where R = H or an organic substituent, and n = 0, 1, 2. At...
ISBN 9781402069734. Archived from the original on 2015-02-12. ^ A Guide to OrganophosphorusChemistry Louis D. Quin 2000 John Wiley & Sons ISBN 0-471-31824-8 "arsorane"...
Phosphirene is the hypothetical organophosphorus compound with the formula C2H2PH. As the simplest cyclic, unsaturated organophosphorus compound, phosphirene is...
Synthesis and chemistry of 2H-phosphole dimers". J. Am. Chem. Soc. 105: 6871–6877. doi:10.1021/ja00361a022. A Guide to OrganophosphorusChemistry Louis D....
Hershkowitz, R. L.; Rein, B. M.; Chung, B. C. (1964). "Studies in OrganophosphorusChemistry. I. Conversion of Alcohols and Phenols to Halides by Tertiary...
Chlorodiphenylphosphine is an organophosphorus compound with the formula (C6H5)2PCl, abbreviated Ph2PCl. It is a colourless oily liquid with a pungent...
January 2012) was an inorganic chemist who worked in the area of organophosphoruschemistry Appel received his PhD at age 30. He was appointed in 1962 to...
Organosilicon chemistry is the study of organometallic compounds containing carbon–silicon bonds, to which they are called organosilicon compounds. Most...
In organic chemistry, phosphonites are organophosphorus compounds with the formula P(OR)2R. They are found in some pesticides and are used as ligands....
Ethylphosphonoselenoic dichloride is a selenium-containing organophosphorus compound. It's the precursor to selenophos, the selenium analog of the VE nerve...
Kabachnik parameters are group electronegativities for use in organophosphoruschemistry. Electropositivity is a measure of an element's ability to donate...
organophosphorus compound with the formula C2H4PH. It is a colorless gas of no commercial value. As the simplest cyclic, saturated organophosphorus compound...
"Structure-Activity Relationships of the Organophosphorus Anticholinesterase Agents, Historical development of organophosphorus cholinesterase inhibitors"". Cholinesterases...
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