Persistent fetal circulation is a condition caused by a failure in the systemic circulation and pulmonary circulation to convert from the antenatal circulation pattern to the "normal" pattern. Infants experience a high mean arterial pulmonary artery pressure and a high afterload at the right ventricle. This means that the heart is working against higher pressures, which makes it more difficult for the heart to pump blood.[1]
In a fetus, there is high pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) and low pulmonary blood flow as the fetus does not use the lungs for oxygen transfer, but instead relies on the placenta for oxygen. When the baby is born, the lungs are needed for oxygen transfer and need high blood flow which is encouraged by low PVR. The failure of the circulatory system of the newborn to adapt to these changes by lowering PVR leads to persistent fetal circulation.[2] The newborn is therefore born with elevated PVR, which leads to pulmonary hypertension. Because of this, the condition is also widely known as persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN).[3] This condition can be either acute or chronic, and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality.[1]
^ abJain A, McNamara PJ (August 2015). "Persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn: Advances in diagnosis and treatment". Seminars in Fetal & Neonatal Medicine. 20 (4): 262–71. doi:10.1016/j.siny.2015.03.001. PMID 25843770. S2CID 11356506.
^Latham GJ, Yung D (May 2019). "Current understanding and perioperative management of pediatric pulmonary hypertension". Pediatric Anesthesia. 29 (5): 441–456. doi:10.1111/pan.13542. PMID 30414333. S2CID 53248786.
^Cite error: The named reference :2 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
and 26 Related for: Persistent fetal circulation information
Persistentfetalcirculation is a condition caused by a failure in the systemic circulation and pulmonary circulation to convert from the antenatal circulation...
diseases may also be congenital in nature, such as heart defects or persistentfetalcirculation, where the circulatory changes that are supposed to happen after...
separate maternal and fetalcirculations, and is an important endocrine organ, producing hormones that regulate both maternal and fetal physiology during...
the result is less than 2:1, the fetal lungs may be deficient in surfactant. The presence of PG usually indicates fetal lung maturity. For the S/A ratio...
Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), or fetal growth restriction, is the poor growth of a fetus while in the womb during pregnancy. IUGR is defined...
fertilization, in the germinal stage of embryonic development, and continues in fetal development until birth. In human pregnancy, prenatal development is also...
unaffected by the presence of persistent left superior vena cava. If an anomaly is detected during a routine ultrasound, a fetal echocardiogram is performed...
Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASDs) are a group of conditions that can occur in a person who is exposed to alcohol during gestation, as a result...
pregnancy, it is the fetal heart and not the mother's heart that builds up the fetal blood pressure to drive blood through the fetalcirculation. The blood pressure...
is a fetal blood vessel that normally closes soon after birth. This closure is caused by vessel constriction immediately after birth as circulation changes...
Nicolaides, K (Jan 1, 1995). "Assessment of fetal compromise by Doppler ultrasound investigation of the fetalcirculation. Arterial, intracardiac, and venous...
leaked into the maternal circulation can be measured as it has high sensitivity for detecting breach in the maternal-fetalcirculation. C3 and C4 levels-significantly...
per minute. Any rhythm beyond these limits is abnormal and classed as a fetal arrhythmia. These are mainly the result of premature atrial contractions...
remains connected by the ligamentum arteriosum, a remnant of the fetalcirculation that is obliterated a few days after birth. In addition to these blood...
the absence of the ductus arteriosus, an overriding aorta, and fetal cardiac circulation where blood was redirected to the aorta from the pulmonary artery...
smaller and weaker the heart. Preterm fetuses switch from fetalcirculation to postnatal circulation before the left ventricle is completed, resulting in an...
are those of the pulmonary and fetalcirculations which carry oxygenated blood to the heart. In the systemic circulation, arteries carry oxygenated blood...
bilirubin metabolism, immature gut microbiota, and increased breakdown of fetal hemoglobin (HbF). Breast milk jaundice is caused by an increased concentration...
artery, or ciliary artery blood flow, leading to a decrease in retinal circulation which, in turn, causes retinal hypoxia. While, most commonly, emboli...
metabolism of 2-chloroprocaine by fetal plasma is slower than in maternal plasma, the potential for ion trapping exists. Fetal pH is slightly lower than maternal...
introduction of meconium into the lungs. Persistent pulmonary hypertension (PPHN) is the failure of the foetal circulation to adapt to extra-uterine conditions...
environmental chemicals called endocrine disruptors that interfere with normal fetal hormone balance has been proposed. The Mayo Clinic lists "parents' exposure...
the baby can cause the residual blood in the cord/placenta to enter fetalcirculation, which can increase blood volume. The recipient twin in a pregnancy...
Global Information