Intravascular squames are present in this example of amniotic fluid embolism.
Specialty
Obstetrics
Risk factors
Advanced maternal age, history of pre-eclampsia, uterine rupture, fetal distress
Frequency
1 in 20,000 births
Pathophysiology of the amniotic fluid embolism
An amniotic fluid embolism (AFE) is a life-threatening childbirth (obstetric) emergency in which amniotic fluid enters the blood stream of the mother, triggering a serious reaction which results in cardiorespiratory (heart and lung) collapse and massive bleeding (coagulopathy).[1][2][3] The rate at which it occurs is 1 instance per 20,000 births and it comprises 10% of all maternal deaths.
^Stafford, Irene; Sheffield, Jeanne (2007). "Amniotic Fluid Embolism". Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinics of North America. 34 (3): 545–553. doi:10.1016/j.ogc.2007.08.002. ISSN 0889-8545. PMID 17921014. S2CID 30754268.[subscription required]
^Stein, Paul (2016). Pulmonary embolism. Chichester, West Sussex, UK Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons Inc. ISBN 9781119039099.
^*Leveno, Kenneth (2016). Williams manual of pregnancy complications. New York: McGraw-Hill Medical. pp. 223–224. ISBN 9780071765626.
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pregnant women. Using vernix for diagnosing uterine rupture and amnioticfluidembolism has been proposed. Granuloma and peritonitis of vernix have been...
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PMID 24683009. Maher JE, Wenstrom KD, Hauth JC, Meis PJ (May 1994). "Amnioticfluidembolism after saline amnioinfusion: two cases and review of the literature"...
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or later in pregnancy the foetus, umbilical cord, placenta, amnioticfluid, and amniotic membrane. The presence of a pregnancy test that is still positive...
obstruction of blood circulation. Bullet embolism occurs in approximately 0.3% cases of gunshot wounds. Amniotic-fluidembolism is a rare complication of childbirth...
Medicines Agency. 10 June 2022. Baxter FJ, Whippey A (November 2020). "AmnioticFluidEmbolism Treated With Inhaled Milrinone: A Case Report". A&A Practice. 14...
include uterine hypertonicity, small fetal size, and reduced levels of amnioticfluid following rupture of the membranes. It is more likely to occur in women...
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of her third child, Princess Azziza, Princess Sarah suffered an amnioticfluidembolism. She had little chance of survival but recovered. Princess Sarah...
infection, antepartum or postpartum hemorrhage, increased risk of amnioticfluidembolism, and death.[citation needed] A study of 890 patients revealed that...
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