Multiple sclerosis is an inflammatory demyelinating disease of the CNS in which activated immune cells invade the central nervous system and cause inflammation, neurodegeneration, and tissue damage. The underlying cause is currently unknown. Current research in neuropathology, neuroimmunology, neurobiology, and neuroimaging, together with clinical neurology, provide support for the notion that MS is not a single disease but rather a spectrum.[1]
There are three clinical phenotypes: relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS), characterized by periods of neurological worsening following by remissions; secondary-progressive MS (SPMS), in which there is gradual progression of neurological dysfunction with fewer or no relapses; and primary-progressive MS (MS), in which neurological deterioration is observed from onset.
Pathophysiology is a convergence of pathology with physiology. Pathology is the medical discipline that describes conditions typically observed during a disease state; whereas physiology is the biological discipline that describes processes or mechanisms operating within an organism. Referring to MS, the physiology refers to the different processes that lead to the development of the lesions and the pathology refers to the condition associated with the lesions.
^Golan, Daniel; Staun-Ram, Elsebeth; Miller, Ariel (2016). "Shifting paradigms in multiple sclerosis". Current Opinion in Neurology. 29 (3): 354–361. doi:10.1097/WCO.0000000000000324. PMID 27070218. S2CID 20562972.
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Axon Nucleus Node of Ranvier Axon terminal Schwann cell Myelin sheath Multiplesclerosis is an inflammatory demyelinating disease of the CNS in which activated...
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changes to the heart itself. The pathophysiologyofmultiplesclerosis is that of an inflammatory demyelinating disease of the CNS in which activated immune...
The signs and symptoms ofmultiplesclerosis (MS) encompass a wide range of neurological and physical manifestations, including vision problems, muscle...
Tumefactive multiplesclerosis is a condition in which the central nervous system of a person has multiple demyelinating lesions with atypical characteristics...
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the pathophysiologyof fibrosis. Vitamin D is implicated in the pathophysiologyof the disease. An inverse correlation between plasma levels of vitamin...
Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a rare multisystem autosomal dominant genetic disease that causes non-cancerous tumours to grow in the brain and on...
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loss of function in the eyes." Generally, this transient visual loss is also associated with a headache and optic disk swelling. Multiplesclerosis can...
Malignant multiplesclerosis is used to describe MS patients who reach significant level of disability in a short period of time. Malignant MS cases are...
PMID 21236296. Sokol, Stacey. "The Physiology and PathophysiologyofMultipleSclerosis". MultipleSclerosis: Physiological Tutorial. Archived from the original...
Multiplesclerosis and other demyelinating diseases of the central nervous system (CNS) produce lesions (demyelinated areas in the CNS) and glial scars...
autoimmunity, and when it appears in multiplesclerosis (MS) cases, it's misdiagnosed as multiplesclerosis (MS) or seen as a type of MS. But NMO is a different...
RS (May 2004). "The pathophysiologyof cigarette smoking and cardiovascular disease: an update". Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 43 (10):...
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disorder (ADHD), multiplesclerosis (MS), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and Parkinson's disease (PD). It has been reported as a symptom of hyperthyroidism...
in MultipleSclerosis, 4, 497–523. November 14, 2014. [ Blumbergs PC (2005) Pathology. In: Reilly PL, Bullock R (eds) Head injury. Pathophysiology and...
Unlike other neurodegenerative diseases, the exact pathophysiologyof amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is still far from being fully uncovered. Several...
histopathologic finding of scarring (sclerosis) of glomeruli and damage to renal podocytes. This process damages the filtration function of the kidney, resulting...
commonly due to brainstem or cerebellar stroke. Other causes include multiplesclerosis and head trauma. Skew deviation is usually characterized by torticollis...
with research on this topic. Chronic venous insufficiency Pathophysiologyofmultiplesclerosis Vascular myelopathy Zamboni P, Galeotti R, Menegatti E,...
from different types of damage to the brain or spinal cord, such as strokes, infections, tumors, hemorrhagic events, multiplesclerosis, or trauma. Parkinsonian-Pyramidal...
disorders of the central nervous system include:[citation needed] Myelinoclastic or demyelinating disorders: Typical forms ofmultiplesclerosis Neuromyelitis...
syndrome, multiplesclerosis, neurosyphilis, head trauma, bilateral thalamic infarction, lesions of the fourth ventricle, cystic glioma of the third ventricle...
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